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Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, [b] also known as Mustafa Kemal Pasha [c] until 1921, and Ghazi Mustafa Kemal [d] from 1921 until the Surname Law of 1934 [2] (c. 1881 [e] – 10 November 1938), was a Turkish field marshal, revolutionary statesman, author, and the founding father of the Republic of Turkey, serving as its first president from 1923 until ...
Since, in Ottoman military ranks, "Bey" was a common title given to all ranks for Binbaşı and above, Mustafa Kemal Efendi, henceforth, was addressed as "Mustafa Kemal Bey". On 1 April 1916, Mustafa Kemal was promoted to the rank of Mirliva, equivalent to Major General today. In Ottoman military ranks, Pasha was a common title given to all ...
This is a comprehensive list of honours and awards of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk (c. 1881 – 10 November 1938) who was a field marshal, revolutionary statesman, and founder of the Republic of Turkey as well as its first President.
Mustafa Kemal Atatürk (1881 – 10 November 1938) was a field marshal, revolutionary statesman, and founder of the Republic of Turkey as well as its first president. Mustafa Kemal Atatürk's military career explains his life between graduation from Ottoman War College in Istanbul as a lieutenant in 1905 to his resignation from the Ottoman Army on 8 July 1919, as well as his military ...
The Turkish Republic, founded from the ruins of the Ottoman Empire by the national independence hero Mustafa Kemal Ataturk, turns 100 on Oct. 29. Ataturk established a Western-facing secular ...
A prominent historian, Lord Kinross was a writer noted for his biography of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk and works on Islamic history. [1]During the Second World War he served with the Royal Air Force and from 1944 to 1947 was First Secretary at the British Embassy at Cairo.
Kemal lands in Samsun. 8 July Mustafa Kemal resigns from the post of Inspector of Third Army and from the army. 23 July Kemal elected Chairman of Erzurum Congress. 1920 23 April Kemal opens the Grand National Assembly (BMM) in Angora (now Ankara). 11 May Kemal is condemned to death by the government in Constantinople. 1921 5 August
Emerging from World War II, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization was established by 10 European countries, the United States and Canada to form a bulwark against the communist-ruled Soviet Union.