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One form of behavioral neuropharmacology focuses on the study of drug dependence and how drug addiction affects the human mind. Most research has shown that the major part of the brain that reinforces addiction through neurochemical reward is the nucleus accumbens. The image to the right shows how dopamine is projected into this area.
GLP-1 drugs may protect the brain from inflammation, some studies say, but others warn they may increase depression risk. Image credit: James Manning – PA Images/Getty Images.
The effects of alcohol on the body's neurochemistry are more difficult to examine than some other drugs. This is because the chemical nature of the substance makes it easy to penetrate into the brain, and it also influences the phospholipid bilayer of neurons.
Researchers found that 63% of lifetime heavy cannabis-using participants and 68% of recent cannabis users showed reduced brain activity during their working memory task. “We found that brain ...
A review and meta-analysis published in Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews in May 2024 highlighted the benefits that prescription drugs for ADHD can bring to brain health.
The mental health and physical health symptoms induced by long-term benzodiazepine use gradually improved significantly over a period of a year following completion of a slow withdrawal. Three of the 50 patients had wrongly been given a preliminary diagnosis of multiple sclerosis when the symptoms were actually due to chronic benzodiazepine use.
The observed effects on memory and learning, they said, showed long-term cannabis use caused "selective memory defects", but "of a very small magnitude". [85] A study by Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine found that heavy cannabis use is associated with decrements in neurocognitive performance even after 28 days of abstinence.
In the process, metabolites, or byproducts, of the drug are produced, which can linger in our blood, urine (and even in our hair) for long after the initial effects of the drug are felt.
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