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A popular initiative (also citizens' initiative) is a form of direct democracy by which a petition meeting certain hurdles can force a legal procedure on a proposition. In direct initiative , the proposition is put directly to a plebiscite or referendum , also called a popular initiated referendum or citizen-initiated referendum .
Propositions can be placed on the ballot either through the exercise of the initiative power by the voters or by a vote of the state legislature. The state initiative power was added to the California constitution in 1911 as part of the ethics reform instituted by Governor Hiram Johnson in the early 1910s.
California Senate Bill 202, passed in 2011, mandated that initiatives and optional referendums can appear only on the November general election ballot, a statute that was controversial at the time, being seen as a self-serving, single-party initiative; [3] the November general election rule for initiatives and optional referendums has ...
Division of California into Three States. Initiative Statute. Also known as the Cal 3 measure, would have divided California into three U.S. states, subject to approval by the U.S. Congress. [46] Removed from the ballot by order of the California Supreme Court on July 18, 2018, for further legal review. [47] 10: Failed
Initiatives and referendums—collectively known as "ballot measures", "propositions", or simply "questions"—differ from most legislation passed by representative democracies; ordinarily, an elected legislative body develops and passes laws. Initiatives and referendums, by contrast, allow citizens to vote directly on legislation.
Proposition 13 (officially named the People's Initiative to Limit Property Taxation) is an amendment of the Constitution of California enacted during 1978, by means of the initiative process, to cap property taxes and limit property reassessments to when the property changes ownership, and to require a 2/3 majority for tax increases in the ...
In the United States, an initiative (or "citizens' initiative") is a proposal for a new law, which requires a petition reaching a particular number of signatures which results in a ballot measure being placed before the voters in an election. Usually, when 50%+1 of the electorate approves such a ballot measure the proposed law is enacted ...
Proposition 7 of 1911 (or Senate Constitutional Amendment No. 22) [1] was an amendment of the Constitution of California that introduced, for the first time, the initiative and the optional referendum. Prior to 1911 the only form of direct democracy in California was the compulsory referendum. [2]