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The Waldensians would, later in their history, adopt a number of doctrines from the Reformed churches due to the French Reformer Guillaume Farel, who introduced Reformation theology to Waldensian leaders. They officially adopted Reformed theology at a conference at Cianforan 1532.
The Crusades were a series of religious wars initiated, supported, and sometimes directed by the Christian Latin Church in the medieval period.The best known of these military expeditions are those to the Holy Land between 1095 and 1291 that had the objective of reconquering Jerusalem and its surrounding area from Muslim rule after the region had been conquered by the Rashidun Caliphate ...
The numbering of this crusade followed the same history as the first ones, with English histories such as David Hume's The History of England (1754–1761) [43] and Charles Mills' History of the Crusades for the Recovery and Possession of the Holy Land (1820) [44] identifying it as the Third Crusade. The former only considers the follow-on ...
The siege, in which d'Aubusson was wounded three times, enhanced his reputation throughout Europe. [172] Gulielmus Caoursin, vice-chancellor of the Knights Hospitaller, was an eyewitness of the siege and wrote its description in his Obsidionis Rhodiae Urbis Descriptio (with an English translation published Edward Gibbon's Crusades). [173]
In his A History of the Vaudois Church (1859), Antoine Monastier quotes Bernard, Abbott of Foncald, writing at the end of the 12th century, that the Waldensians arose during the papacy of Lucius. [8] Monastier takes him to mean Lucius II , Pope from 1144 to 1145, and concludes that the Waldenses were active before 1145.
Following the release of the bull, commissioner Albert Cattaneo led the crusade against the Waldensians into the mountains and many were displaced or killed. [21] On one occasion Cattaneo's commander La Palud had observed some Waldenses go into a nearby cave and ordered a fire be built at its entrance.
The Savoyard–Waldensian wars were a series of conflicts between the community of Waldensians (also known as Vaudois) and the Savoyard troops in the Duchy of Savoy from 1655 to 1690. [3] [4] The Piedmontese Easter in 1655 sparked the conflict. It was largely a period of persecution of the Waldensian Church, rather than a military conflict.
Around 1340, most heretics in Bohemia were Germans, either Waldensians or Beguines and Beghards. They were accused of theft and violence against orthodox Christians. [2] In 1335, Pope Benedict XII appointed Gallus de Novo Castro as inquisitor for the region around Prague with the goal of converting heretics. Although he made some success, he ...