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Christianity spread in Scotland from the 6th century, with evangelisation by Irish-Scots missionaries and, to a lesser extent, those from Rome and England. [1] The church in Scotland attained clear independence from England after the Papal Bull of Celestine III (Cum universi, 1192), by which all Scottish bishoprics except Galloway became formally independent of York and Canterbury.
Scotland experienced a much deeper movement of Protestant reformation than any other nation in the UK. [14] John Knox is credited with introducing the Reformation to Scotland. Knox sparked the Scottish Reformation in 1560 when he began preaching about Protestantism to large groups of people throughout the country. [15]
John Knox, a key figure in the Scottish Reformation. During the 16th century, Scotland underwent a Protestant Reformation that created a predominantly Calvinist national kirk, which was strongly Presbyterian in outlook. A confession of faith, rejecting papal jurisdiction and the mass, was adopted by Parliament in 1560. [20]
On his release, Knox took refuge in England. The Reformation in England was a less radical movement than its Continental counterparts, but there was a definite breach with Rome. [33] The Archbishop of Canterbury, Thomas Cranmer, and the regent of King Edward VI, the Duke of Somerset, were decidedly Protestant-minded.
Knox's History of Reformation has been used as an historical source since its full publication in 1644. However, its own qualities as a text and its ideological context have only been examined in more recent years, starting with Arthur Williamson of New York University's Scottish National Consciousness in the Age of James VI, (1979).
The English Reformation took place in 16th-century England when the King wished to divorce his Spanish wife (who had delivered no male children) and marry Anne Boleyn. The English Church then broke away first from the authority of the Pope and bishops over the King and then from some doctrines and practices of the Catholic Church.
James VI of Scotland crowned King of England 1605 Gunpowder Plot foiled, Guy Fawkes is executed(1606) 1609 Plantation of Ulster: 1611 King James Bible first published and used throughout the English speaking world. 1625, 27 March Charles I crowned King of England, Scotland and Ireland. 1642 English Civil War breaks out
The French withdraw from Scotland, largely ending the Auld Alliance between the two countries, and also ending the wars between England and its northern neighbour. [ 4 ] 17 August – Papal Jurisdiction Act 1560 : The Scottish Reformation Parliament rejects papal authority, beginning the Scottish Reformation and disestablishing Roman ...