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In mathematics and science, a nonlinear system (or a non-linear system) is a system in which the change of the output is not proportional to the change of the input. [1] [2] Nonlinear problems are of interest to engineers, biologists, [3] [4] [5] physicists, [6] [7] mathematicians, and many other scientists since most systems are inherently nonlinear in nature. [8]
Sparse identification of nonlinear dynamics (SINDy) is a data-driven algorithm for obtaining dynamical systems from data. [1] Given a series of snapshots of a dynamical system and its corresponding time derivatives, SINDy performs a sparsity-promoting regression (such as LASSO) on a library of nonlinear candidate functions of the snapshots against the derivatives to find the governing equations.
The nonlinear damping parameter is equal to μ = 8.53, while the forcing has amplitude A = 1.2 and angular frequency ω = 2π/10. The forced, or driven, Van der Pol oscillator takes the 'original' function and adds a driving function Asin(ωt) to give a differential equation of the form:
However, real-world systems are often nonlinear and multidimensional, in some instances rendering explicit equation-based modeling problematic. Empirical models, which infer patterns and associations from the data instead of using hypothesized equations, represent a natural and flexible framework for modeling complex dynamics.
A coupled map lattice (CML) is a dynamical system that models the behavior of nonlinear systems (especially partial differential equations).They are predominantly used to qualitatively study the chaotic dynamics of spatially extended systems.
System identification is a method of identifying or measuring the mathematical model of a system from measurements of the system inputs and outputs. The applications of system identification include any system where the inputs and outputs can be measured and include industrial processes, control systems, economic data, biology and the life sciences, medicine, social systems and many more.
The r = 4 case of the logistic map is a nonlinear transformation of both the bit-shift map and the μ = 2 case of the tent map. If r > 4 , this leads to negative population sizes. (This problem does not appear in the older Ricker model , which also exhibits chaotic dynamics.)
An example of a nonlinear delay differential equation; applications in number theory, distribution of primes, and control theory [5] [6] [7] Chrystal's equation: 1 + + + = Generalization of Clairaut's equation with a singular solution [8] Clairaut's equation: 1