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Juniper berries are actually modified conifer cones. A juniper berry is the female seed cone produced by the various species of junipers . It is not a true berry but a cone with unusually fleshy and merged scales called a galbulus , which gives it a berry-like appearance.
Since juniper berries have a strong taste, they should be used sparingly. They are generally used to enhance meat with a strong flavour, such as game , including game birds, or tongue . The cones are used to flavour certain beers and gin (the word "gin" derives from an Old French word meaning "juniper"). [ 27 ]
Juniper berries are a spice used in a wide variety of culinary dishes and are best known for the primary flavoring in gin (and responsible for gin's name, which is a shortening of the Dutch word for juniper, jenever). A juniper-based spirit is made by fermenting juniper berries and water to create a "wine" that is then distilled.
It is found in exposed, dry, rocky slopes, flats, pinyon–juniper woodland, and temperate coniferous forest habitats, including the Sierra Nevada upper montane forest and Sierra Nevada subalpine zone ecoregions. It grows at elevations of 100–3,100 m (330–10,170 ft).
A small quantity of ripe berries can be eaten as an emergency food or as a sage-like seasoning for meat. The dried berries can be roasted and ground into a coffee substitute. [10] Utah juniper is an aromatic plant. Essential oil extracted from the trunk and limb is prominent in α-pinene, δ-3-carene, and cis-thujopsene.
This bird is known to eat juniper berries, along with other small fruits. [8] They are also known to have a diet of various insects that are found in their habitat. [ 9 ] The Abyssinian catbird is often found in shrubby areas, so it is easy to pick berries or find insects on its daily path.
Juniperus thurifera (Spanish juniper) is a species of juniper native to the mountains of the western Mediterranean region, from southern France (including Corsica) across eastern and central Spain to Morocco and locally in northern Algeria. [3] [4] The name thurifera comes from the Latin turifer, "producer/bearer of incense". [5]
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