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Special education in the United States enables students with exceptional learning needs to access resources through special education programs. "The idea of excluding students with any disability from public school education can be traced back to 1893, when the Massachusetts Supreme Court expelled a student merely due to poor academic ability". [1]
Special education (also known as special-needs education, aided education, alternative provision, exceptional student education, special ed., SDC, and SPED) is the practice of educating students in a way that accommodates their individual differences, disabilities, and special needs. This involves the individually planned and systematically ...
Children with exceptionalities depend on related services in their individualized education programs. The related services according to IDEA, "...assist a child with a disability to benefit from special education" [section 300.24(a)]. Related services also help children with exceptionalities to reach their IEP goals and objectives.
“Beginning with the 2024-2025 school year, the maximum number of students (in the voucher program) will increase annually by three percent of the exceptional student education full-time ...
Early intervention programs for children living in low socioeconomic situations, such as the Head Start Program, began showing up around the country. [6] Education was soon at the forefront of many political agendas. As of the early 1970s, U.S. public schools accommodated 1 out of 5 children with disabilities. [7]
Inclusion has different historical roots/background which may be integration of students with severe disabilities in the US (who may previously been excluded from schools or even lived in institutions) [7] [8] [9] or an inclusion model from Canada and the US (e.g., Syracuse University, New York) which is very popular with inclusion teachers who believe in participatory learning, cooperative ...
Another setting option is the separate classroom. When students spend less than 40 percent of their day in the general education class, they are said to be placed in a separate class. They are allowed to work in small, highly structured settings with a special education teacher. Students in a separate class may be working at different academic ...
Because the law does not clearly state to what degree the least restrictive environment is, courts have had to interpret the LRE principle. In a landmark case interpreting IDEA's predecessor statute (EHA), Daniel R.R. v. State Board of Education (1989), it was determined that students with disabilities have a right to be included in both academic and extracurricular programs of general education.