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In this type of group, it is possible for outgroup members (i.e., social categories of which one is not a member) [19] to become ingroup members (i.e., social categories of which one is a member) [19] with reasonable ease. Social groups, such as study-groups or coworkers, interact moderately over a prolonged period of time.
The number of possible person-to-person links (L) increases rapidly as the size of the group (N) increases (L = (N² - N) /2). In a four-member group there are six possible pairings; add a fifth member for each of the four to relate to and you have ten pairs. The number of possible two-person links in a group of twelve is 66.
Members are generally connected through performing similar actions or possessing similar outlooks. As they only exist for a very brief period of time, it is very easy for an out-group member to become an in-group member and vice versa. [4] Examples of collectives include audiences at a show, bystanders, people at the park, etc. [4]
A membership organization is any organization that allows people or entities to subscribe, and often requires them to pay a membership fee or "subscription". [1] Membership organizations typically have a particular purpose, which involves connecting people together around a particular activity, geographical location, industry, activity, interest, mission, or profession. [2]
Group membership is the 'objective' belonging within the group, while identification refers to the subjective psychological importance of the group to the member. [1] Group consciousness has been studied, for example, among women, [ 3 ] Hispanic and Latino Americans , [ 4 ] and Muslim Americans .
According to the social exchange theory, group membership will be more satisfying to a new prospective member if the group's outcomes, in terms of costs and rewards, are above the individual's comparison level. As well, group membership will be unsatisfying to a new member if the outcomes are below the individual's comparison level. [29]
Categorization of people into social groups increases the perception that group members are similar to one another. An outcome of this is the out-group homogeneity effect. This refers to the perception of members of an out-group as being homogenous, while members of one's in-group are perceived as being diverse, e.g. "they are alike; we are ...
Membership can be limited or open to the general public, as can the events. Most clubs have a limited membership based upon specific criteria, and limit the events to members to increase the security of the members, thus creating an increased sense of camaraderie and belonging. Social activities clubs can be for profit or not for profit, and ...