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1911 – Ernest Rutherford: Discovery of the atomic nucleus (Rutherford model) 1911 – Kamerlingh Onnes: Superconductivity; 1912 - Victor Francis Hess: Cosmic rays; 1913 – Niels Bohr: Bohr model of the atom; 1915 – Albert Einstein: General relativity; 1915 – Emmy Noether: Noether's theorem relates symmetries to conservation laws.
The atomic weight of gold was known to be around 197 since early in the 19th century. [63] From an experiment in 1906, Rutherford measured alpha particles to have a charge of 2 q e and an atomic weight of 4, and alpha particles emitted by radon to have velocity of 1.70 × 10 7 m/s. [64]
1 5th century BC. 2 2nd century BC. 3 10th century. 4 11th century. ... 1911 – Ernest Rutherford's gold foil experiment determines that atoms are mostly empty space
3rd century BC: Pingala in Mauryan India discovers the binomial coefficients in a combinatorial context and the additive formula for generating them () = + (), [50] [51] i.e. a prose description of Pascal's triangle, and derived formulae relating to the sums and alternating sums of binomial coefficients. It has been suggested that he may have ...
Einstein, in 1905, when he wrote the Annus Mirabilis papers. 1900 – To explain black-body radiation (1862), Max Planck suggests that electromagnetic energy could only be emitted in quantized form, i.e. the energy could only be a multiple of an elementary unit E = hν, where h is the Planck constant and ν is the frequency of the radiation.
Antihelium-4 produced and measured by the STAR detector; the first particle to be discovered by the experiment 2012 A particle exhibiting most of the predicted characteristics of the Higgs boson discovered by researchers conducting the Compact Muon Solenoid and ATLAS experiments at CERN's Large Hadron Collider [ 39 ]
The Rutherford model is a name for the first model of an atom with a compact nucleus. The concept arose from Ernest Rutherford discovery of the nucleus. Rutherford directed the Geiger–Marsden experiment in 1909, which showed much more alpha particle recoil than J. J. Thomson's plum pudding model of the atom could explain. Thomson's model had ...
1851 – The Fizeau experiment with light in flowing water confirms Fresnel’s model. [7] 1861 – James Clerk Maxwell publishes his equations of the electromagnetic field, which had a great impact on the later works on aether and special relativity. 1868 – Martinus Hoek modifies the experiment of Fizeau, with the same conclusions. [8]