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A line drawing showing some basic concepts of speeds and feeds in the context of lathe work. The angular velocity of the workpiece (rev/min) is called the "spindle speed" by machinists. Its tangential linear equivalent at the workpiece surface (m/min or sfm) is called the "cutting speed", "surface speed", or simply the "speed" by machinists.
A machinist calculator is a hand-held calculator programmed with built-in formulas making it easy and quick for machinists to establish speeds, feeds and time without guesswork or conversion charts. Formulas may include revolutions per minute (RPM), surface feet per minute (SFM), inches per minute (IPM), feed per tooth (FPT). A cut time (CT ...
Incorrect speeds and feeds will cause damage to the tool, machine spindle, and even the product. The quickest and simplest way to find these numbers would be to use a calculator that can be found online. A formula can also be used to calculate the proper speeds and feeds for a material. These values can be found online or in Machinery's Handbook.
The material removal rate in a work process can be calculated as the depth of the cut, times the width of the cut, times the feed rate. The material removal rate is typically measured in cubic centimeters per minute (cm 3 /min).
It relates to spindle speed via variables such as cutter diameter (for rotating cutters) or workpiece diameter (for lathe work). SFM is a combination of diameter and the velocity ( RPM ) of the material measured in feet-per-minute as the spindle of a milling machine or lathe . 1 SFM equals 0.00508 surface meter per second (meter per second, or ...
CNC plunge milling, also called z-axis milling, is a CNC milling process. In this process, the feed is provided linearly along the tool axis while doing CNC processing. This image shows the material removal in plunge milling. Plunge milling is effective for the rough machining process of complex shape or free form shapes like impeller parts. In ...
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A CNC programmer creates programs using software called CAM (computer aided manufacturing). The programmer must be proficient in math, speeds and feeds, machine tooling, work holding, and the different ways various materials react to stress and heat in the machining process.