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[3] [6] Unprovoked seizures have no clear cause or fixable cause. [3] [6] [7] Examples include past strokes, brain tumors, brain vessel malformations, and genetic disorders. [3] If no cause is found, it is called an idiopathic seizure. [5] [13] After a first unprovoked seizure, the chance of experiencing a second one is about 40% within 2 years.
A provoked (or an un-provoked, or an idiopathic) seizure must generally occur twice before a person is diagnosed with epilepsy. When used on its own, the term seizure usually refers to an epileptic seizure. The lay use of this word can also include sudden attacks of illness, loss of control, spasm or stroke. [4]
ICD-10 is the 10th revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD), a medical classification list by the World Health Organization (WHO). It contains codes for diseases, signs and symptoms, abnormal findings, complaints, social circumstances, and external causes of injury or diseases. [1]
Epilepsy is a group of non-communicable neurological disorders characterized by recurrent epileptic seizures. [10] An epileptic seizure is the clinical manifestation of an abnormal, excessive, and synchronized electrical discharge in the neurons. [1] The occurrence of two or more unprovoked seizures defines epilepsy. [11]
A seizure is a paroxysmal episode of symptoms or altered behavior arising from abnormal excessive or synchronous brain neuronal activity. [5] A focal onset seizure arises from a biological neural network within one cerebral hemisphere, while a generalized onset seizure arises from within the cerebral hemispheres rapidly involving both hemispheres.
After at least two unprovoked (or reflex) seizures occurring greater than 24 hours apart. Or after one unprovoked (or reflex) seizure and a probability of further seizures similar to the general recurrence risk (at least 60%) after two unprovoked seizures, occurring over the next 10 years. Or when epilepsy syndrome is identified.
During a temporal lobe seizure, a person may experience a seizure aura; an aura is an autonomic, cognitive, emotional or sensory experience that commonly occurs during the beginning part of a seizure. [10] [2] The common medial temporal lobe seizure auras include a rising epigastric feeling, abdominal discomfort, taste (gustatory), smell ...
Encephalitis is an acute inflammation of the brain that can cause minor symptoms, such as headaches, to more severe symptoms such as seizures. Mosquitoes serve as its carrier and for this reason this virus is known as an arbovirus (arthropod-borne virus). California encephalitis orthobunyavirus belongs to the Bunyavirales order of viruses.