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Structure of a G-quadruplex. Left: a G-tetrad. Right: an intramolecular G4 complex. [1]: fig1 In molecular biology, G-quadruplex secondary structures (G4) are formed in nucleic acids by sequences that are rich in guanine. [2] They are helical in shape and contain guanine tetrads that can form from one, [3] two [4] or four strands. [5]
This DNAzyme cleaves complementary RNAs efficiently in a sequence specific manner between an unpaired purine and a paired pyrimidine. DNAzymes targeting AU or GU vs. GC or AC are more effective. Furthermore, the RNA cleavage rates have been shown to increase after the introduction of intercalators or the substitution of deoxyguanine with ...
Escherichia virus G4 is a bacteriophage that infects E. coli. [1] First isolated in 1973, the phage was originally isolated from samples of raw sewage and has 5,577 nucleotides. Its isometric capsid contains a single-stranded circular genome of about 5.5 kbp .
Hoogsteen pairs have quite different properties from Watson–Crick base pairs.The angle between the two glycosidic bonds (ca. 80° in the A• T pair) is larger and the C1 ′ –C1 ′ distance (ca. 860 pm or 8.6 Å) is smaller than in the regular geometry.
Dz13 is a 10-23 DNAzyme that targets c-Jun, a transcription factor found in diseased blood vessels, eyes, lungs and joints.The treatment works by the DNA-based enzyme binding to and catalytically destroying its target messenger RNA, thereby inhibiting c-Jun expression in cells. [1]
It is an East Asian haplogroup. [3] Today, haplogroup G is found at its highest frequency in indigenous populations of the lands surrounding the Sea of Okhotsk. [4] [5] Haplogroup G is one of the most common mtDNA haplogroups among modern Ainu, Siberian, Mongol, Tibetan and Central and North Asian Turkic peoples people (as well as among people of the prehistoric Jōmon culture in Hokkaidō).
According to the developers, this theory gives significant improvement over G3-theory. The G4 and the related G4MP2 methods have been extended to cover transition metals. [5] A variant of G4MP2, termed G4(MP2)-6X, has been developed with an aim to improve the accuracy with essentially identical quantum chemistry components. [6]
SYBR Green I (SG) is an asymmetrical cyanine dye [1] used as a nucleic acid stain in molecular biology.The SYBR family of dyes is produced by Molecular Probes Inc., now owned by Thermo Fisher Scientific.