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The types of equine ER that are considered sporadic include tying-up, also commonly referred to as Monday morning sickness and/or Monday morning disease, and azoturia also known as black water disease, set fast, and/or paralytic myoglobinuria. [1] Tying-up related is mild as compared to azoturia, which is the more severe case of sporadic ER. [1]
Equine polysaccharide storage myopathy (EPSM, PSSM, EPSSM) is a hereditary glycogen storage disease of horses that causes exertional rhabdomyolysis.It is currently known to affect the following breeds American Quarter Horses, American Paint Horses, Warmbloods, Cobs, Dales Ponies, Thoroughbreds, Arabians, New Forest ponies, and a large number of Heavy horse breeds.
A handful of published reports describe individuals with severe hypokalemia related to chronic extreme consumption (4–10 L/day) of cola. [20] The hypokalemia is thought to be from the combination of the diuretic effect of caffeine [21] and copious fluid intake, although it may also be related to diarrhea caused by heavy fructose ingestion ...
The condition is hypokalemic (manifests when potassium is low; not "causing hypokalemia") because a low extracellular potassium ion concentration will cause the muscle to repolarise to the resting potential more quickly, so even if calcium conductance does occur it cannot be sustained. It becomes more difficult to reach the calcium threshold at ...
Additionally, horses with a hind limb lameness will tend to reduce the degree of leg use. To do so, some horses will reduce the contraction time of the gluteals on the side of the lame leg, leading to a "hip roll" or "hip dip" and appearance that the hip drops a greater degree on the side of the lame leg. [10]
The first level is called low fear, anxiety, and stress. This level is not a complete loss of consciousness, but a slowing of heart rate and behavior to make the animals easier to handle. Drugs like Gabapentin, Trazodone, or Alpha-2 Agonists can be used alone to produce these effects.
Horses kept in near-complete isolation, particularly in a closed stable where they cannot see other animals, may require a stable companion such as a cat, goat, or even a small pony or donkey, to provide company and reduce stress. When anxiety over separation occurs while a horse is being handled by a human, the horse is described as "herd-bound".
As most equine-assisted therapy is done at slow speeds, an older horse that is not in its athletic prime is sometimes used. [28] Equine-assisted therapy programs try to identify horses that are calm but not lazy and physically suited with proper balance, structure, muscling and gaits. Muscling is not generally considered to be as important as ...