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There are no specific signs or symptoms for brain cancer, but the presence of a combination of symptoms and the lack of alternative causes may indicate a brain tumor. [41] A medical history aids in the diagnosis. Clinical and laboratory investigations will serve to exclude infections as the cause of the symptoms.
Common symptoms of CNS tumors include vomiting, headache, changes in vision, nausea, and seizures. [3] A CNS tumor can be detected and classified via neurological examination, medical imaging , such as x-ray imaging, magnetic resonance imaging ( MRI ) or computed tomography ( CT ), or after analysis of a biopsy.
Dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumour (DNT, DNET) is a type of brain tumor. Most commonly found in the temporal lobe , DNTs have been classified as benign tumours. [ 1 ] These are glioneuronal tumours comprising both glial and neuron cells and often have ties to focal cortical dysplasia .
According to the NHS, non-cancerous brain tumours are more common in people over the age of 50, and symptoms include headaches, blackouts, behavioural changes and loss of consciousness.
Tumors are also removed in cases where a patient is suffering from a high seizure burden. [1] If a tumor is rapidly growing or causing symptoms of hydrocephalus, deferring surgery may lead to vision loss, need for ventricular shunt, and ultimately death. Total removal of the tumor is curative.
Initial presenting symptoms most commonly are headache, depressed mental status, focal neurological deficits, and/or seizures. [2] The growth rate and mean interval between onset of symptoms and diagnosis is approximately 1.5–2 years but is highly variable, [ 2 ] being intermediate between that of low-grade astrocytomas and glioblastomas. [ 2 ]
Oligodendrogliomas are a type of glioma that are believed to originate from the oligodendrocytes of the brain or from a glial precursor cell. They occur primarily in adults (9.4% of all primary brain and central nervous system tumors) but are also found in children (4% of all primary brain tumors).
Symptoms often worsen rapidly and may progress to unconsciousness. [2] The cause of most cases of glioblastoma is not known. [2] Uncommon risk factors include genetic disorders, such as neurofibromatosis and Li–Fraumeni syndrome, and previous radiation therapy. [2] [3] Glioblastomas represent 15% of all brain tumors. [1]
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