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Vitamin D-binding protein (DBP), also/originally known as gc-globulin (group-specific component), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GC gene. [ 5 ] [ 6 ] DBP is genetically the oldest member of the albuminoid family and appeared early in the evolution of vertebrates.
Vitamin D is essential for proper calcium regulation and is important for bone mineralization, nerve function, immunity, and intracellular signalling. [29] Dogs are able to synthesize and convert 7-dehydrocholesterol (provitamin form of vitamin D) to cholecalciferol (inactive form of vitamin D) following exposure to UV light from the sun. [30]
Vitamin D response element (VDRE) is a type of DNA sequence that is found in the promoter region of vitamin D regulated genes. This sequence binds the vitamin D receptor (VDR), when complexed with calcitriol (1,25(OH) 2 D), the active form of vitamin D, and so regulates the expression of many genes.
In 1969, a specific binding protein for vitamin D called the vitamin D receptor was identified. [203] Shortly thereafter, the conversion of vitamin D to calcifediol and then to calcitriol, the biologically active form, was confirmed. [ 8 ]
CYP24A1 is expressed in tissues which are considered targets for vitamin D, including kidney, intestine and bone. Transcription of the CYP24A1 gene is markedly inducible by 1,25-(OH) 2 D 3 binding to the vitamin D receptor. [6] The gene has a strong, positive vitamin D response element in the promoter.
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Ergosterol is a biological precursor of vitamin D 2, the chemical name of which is ergocalciferol. Exposure of white button mushrooms to UV-C irradiation produces time-dependent increases in vitamin D2 concentrations in the mushrooms.
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