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A gamete (/ ˈ ɡ æ m iː t /; from Ancient Greek γαμετή (gametḗ) ' wife ', ultimately from Ancient Greek γάμος (gámos) ' marriage ') is a haploid cell that fuses with another haploid cell during fertilization in organisms that reproduce sexually. [1]
Gametogenesis is a biological process by which diploid or haploid precursor cells undergo cell division and differentiation to form mature haploid gametes.Depending on the biological life cycle of the organism, gametogenesis occurs by meiotic division of diploid gametocytes into various gametes, or by mitosis.
During meiosis, four gametes, or haploid cells, are the products of diploid cell division. Two gametes, one egg and one sperm, unite during conception, yielding a zygote. For each gamete that makes a zygote, there is a complementary gamete, or gametid. There are gametids for both egg and sperm gametes.
In the whole cycle, gametes are usually the only haploid cells, and mitosis usually occurs only in the diploid phase. The diploid multicellular individual is a diplont, hence a gametic meiosis is also called a diplontic life cycle. Diplonts are: In archaeplastidans: some green algae (e.g., Cladophora glomerata, [15] Acetabularia [8] [9])
Each of the original diploid germ cells or primary spermatocytes forms four functional gametes, each forever young. [clarification needed] The production and survival of sperms require a temperature below the normal core body temperature. Since the scrotum, where the testes is present, is situated outside the body cavity, it provides a ...
It develops sex organs that produce gametes, haploid sex cells that participate in fertilization to form a diploid zygote which has a double set of chromosomes. Cell division of the zygote results in a new diploid multicellular organism, the second stage in the life cycle known as the sporophyte .
These gametes are produced by meiosis, which halves the number of chromosomes in the diploid germ cells. 6) The short-lived diploid state of haploid organisms, a zygote generated by the union of two haploid gametes during sex. 7) The diploid zygote which has just been fertilized by the union of haploid egg and sperm during sex.
Meiosis in the diploid sporophyte provides a direct DNA repair capability for dealing with DNA damages, including oxidative DNA damages, in germline reproductive tissues. [1] The mature gametophyte produces male or female gametes (or both) by mitosis. The fusion of male and female gametes produces a diploid zygote which develops into a new ...