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Tūī on New Zealand flax. Phormium tenax (called flax in New Zealand English; harakeke in Māori; New Zealand flax [1] [2] outside New Zealand; and New Zealand hemp [1] in historical nautical contexts) is an evergreen perennial plant native to New Zealand and Norfolk Island that is an important fibre plant and a popular ornamental plant. [3]
New Zealand flax describes the common New Zealand perennial plants Phormium tenax and Phormium colensoi, known by the Māori names harakeke and wharariki respectively. Although given the common name 'flax' they are quite distinct from the Northern Hemisphere plant known as flax ( Linum usitatissimum ) .
Phormium is a genus of two plant species in the family Asphodelaceae.One species is endemic to New Zealand and the other is native to New Zealand and Norfolk Island. [1] The two species are widely known in New Zealand as flax or their Māori names wharariki and harakeke respectively, and elsewhere as New Zealand flax or flax lily, but they are not closely related to the Northern Hemisphere's ...
Kaitaka are cloaks of finely woven muka (Phormium tenax) fibre. [31] Kaitaka are among the more prestigious forms of traditional Māori dress. They are made from muka (flax fibre), which is in turn made from those varieties of Phormium tenax that yield the finest quality fibre characterised by a silk-like texture and rich golden sheen. Kaitaka ...
Phormium colensoi (syn. Phormium cookianum – see below), also called mountain flax, or wharariki in Māori, is a perennial plant that is endemic to New Zealand. [5] The greenish, yellow or orange flowers are followed by twisted seed pods. [5] It is less common than the other Phormium species, P. tenax or harakeke.
The local Flax Stripper Museum tells the history of the once thriving flax industry, and claims Foxton as the Flax Capital of New Zealand. NZ Flax (Phormium tenax) played a major role in Foxton's development; indeed Foxton, rather than being a "gold town" or "coal town" was indisputably a "flax town", sending their product overseas to be used ...
The traditional weaving material is muka, fibre prepared from the New Zealand flax (Phormium tenax) by scraping, pounding and washing. The muka fibre was dyed using natural dyes . There has been a resurgence of tāniko and other Māori cultural practices starting in the 1950s and as part of the broader Māori Renaissance .
Flax European flax – Linum usitatissimum; New Zealand flax – Phormium tenax, Phormium colensoi; Fluxroot – Asclepias tuberosa; Foxglove – Digitalis purpurea; Fumewort Yellow fumewort – Corydalis flavula