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610–546 BCE – Anaximander: Concept of Earth floating in space [1] 460–370 BCE – Democritus: Atomism via thought experiment; 384–322 BCE – Aristotle: Aristotelian physics, earliest effective theory of physics [2] c. 300 BCE – Euclid: Euclidean geometry; c. 250 BCE – Archimedes: Archimedes' principle
1876 – William Kingdon Clifford suggests that the motion of matter may be due to changes in the geometry of space. [24] 1882 – Simon Newcomb observes a 43 arcsecond per century excess precession of Mercury's orbit. 1884 – William Thomson (Lord Kelvin) lectures on the issues with the wave theory of light with regards to the luminiferous ...
In the 19th century, the basic laws of electromagnetism and statistical mechanics were discovered. Physics was transformed by the discoveries of quantum mechanics, relativity, and atomic theory at the beginning of the 20th century. Physics today may be divided loosely into classical physics and modern physics.
Russell Sidney Colley (July 22, 1897 – February 4, 1996) was a U. S. mechanical engineer who played a role in creating the spacesuits worn by the Project Mercury astronauts, including fitting Alan B. Shepard Jr. for his historic ride as America's first man in space on May 5, 1961.
1832 – Baron Pavel L'vovitch Schilling (Paul Schilling) creates the first electromagnetic telegraph, consisting of a single-needle system in which a code was used to indicate the characters. Only months later, Göttingen professors Carl Friedrich Gauss and Wilhelm Weber constructed a telegraph that was working two years before Schilling could ...
The timeline of discovery of Solar System planets and their natural satellites charts the progress of the discovery of new bodies over history. Each object is listed in chronological order of its discovery (multiple dates occur when the moments of imaging, observation, and publication differ), identified through its various designations (including temporary and permanent schemes), and the ...
The programme carried out six crewed spaceflights between 1961 and 1963. The program was the first program to put humans into space, with Yuri Gagarin becoming the first man in space on April 12, 1961, aboard the Vostok 1. [79] Gherman Titov became the first person to stay in orbit for a full day on August 7, 1961, aboard the Vostok 2. [80]
First woman in space (Valentina Tereshkova). USSR Vostok 6: 19 July 1963: First reusable crewed spacecraft (suborbital). USA (NASA) X-15 Flight 90: 12 October 1964: First multi-person crew (3) in orbit. USSR Voskhod 1: 18 March 1965: First space walk/extra-vehicular activity (Alexei Leonov). USSR Voskhod 2: March 1965: First crewed spacecraft ...