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610–546 BCE – Anaximander: Concept of Earth floating in space [1] 460–370 BCE – Democritus: Atomism via thought experiment; 384–322 BCE – Aristotle: Aristotelian physics, earliest effective theory of physics [2] c. 300 BCE – Euclid: Euclidean geometry; c. 250 BCE – Archimedes: Archimedes' principle
Russell Sidney Colley (July 22, 1897 – February 4, 1996) was a U. S. mechanical engineer who played a role in creating the spacesuits worn by the Project Mercury astronauts, including fitting Alan B. Shepard Jr. for his historic ride as America's first man in space on May 5, 1961.
In the 19th century, the basic laws of electromagnetism and statistical mechanics were discovered. Physics was transformed by the discoveries of quantum mechanics, relativity, and atomic theory at the beginning of the 20th century. Physics today may be divided loosely into classical physics and modern physics.
Yuri Alekseyevich Gagarin [a] [b] (9 March 1934 – 27 March 1968) was a Soviet pilot and cosmonaut who, aboard the first successful crewed spaceflight, became the first person to journey into outer space. Travelling on Vostok 1, Gagarin completed one orbit of Earth on 12 April 1961, with his flight taking 108 minutes.
The timeline of discovery of Solar System planets and their natural satellites charts the progress of the discovery of new bodies over history. Each object is listed in chronological order of its discovery (multiple dates occur when the moments of imaging, observation, and publication differ), identified through its various designations (including temporary and permanent schemes), and the ...
1876 – William Kingdon Clifford suggests that the motion of matter may be due to changes in the geometry of space. [24] 1882 – Simon Newcomb observes a 43 arcsecond per century excess precession of Mercury's orbit. 1884 – William Thomson (Lord Kelvin) lectures on the issues with the wave theory of light with regards to the luminiferous ...
First woman in space (Valentina Tereshkova). USSR Vostok 6: 19 July 1963: First reusable crewed spacecraft (suborbital). USA (NASA) X-15 Flight 90: 12 October 1964: First multi-person crew (3) in orbit. USSR Voskhod 1: 18 March 1965: First space walk/extra-vehicular activity (Alexei Leonov). USSR Voskhod 2: March 1965: First crewed spacecraft ...
Vostok 1 (Russian: Восток, lit. ' East ' or ' Orient ') was the first spaceflight of the Vostok programme and the first human orbital spaceflight in history. The Vostok 3KA space capsule was launched from Baikonur Cosmodrome on 12 April 1961, with Soviet cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin aboard, making him the first human to reach orbital velocity around the Earth and to complete a full orbit ...