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Log-log plot of the total number of annotated proteins in genomes submitted to GenBank as a function of genome size. Based on data from NCBI genome reports.. Bacteria possess a compact genome architecture distinct from eukaryotes in two important ways: bacteria show a strong correlation between genome size and number of functional genes in a genome, and those genes are structured into operons.
BASys (Bacterial Annotation System) is a freely available web server that can be used to perform automated, comprehensive annotation of bacterial genomes. [2] With the advent of next generation DNA sequencing it is now possible to sequence the complete genome of a bacterium (typically ~4 million bases) within a single day.
The minimal genome corresponds to small genome sizes, as bacterial genome size correlates with the number of protein-coding genes, typically one gene per kilobase. [1] Mycoplasma genitalium , with a 580 kb genome and 482 protein-coding genes, is a key model for minimal genomes.
Bacterial conjugation is the transfer of genetic material (plasmid) between bacterial cells by direct cell-to-cell contact or by a bridge-like connection between two cells. [1] Discovered in 1946 by Joshua Lederberg and Edward Tatum, [ 2 ] conjugation is a mechanism of horizontal gene transfer as are transformation and transduction although ...
Phages are viruses that infect bacteria and may lead to bacterial cell lysis. [2] The bacterial strain is assigned a type based on its lysis pattern. [ 3 ] Phage typing was used to trace the source of infectious outbreaks throughout the 1900s, but it has been replaced by genotypic methods such as whole genome sequencing for epidemiological ...
The DNA sequence assembly alone is of little value without additional analysis. [9] Genome annotation is the process of attaching biological information to sequences, and consists of three main steps: [68] identifying portions of the genome that do not code for proteins; identifying elements on the genome, a process called gene prediction, and
BacMap; Content; Description: A database of annotated bacterial genomes and their chromosome/genome maps: Data types captured: Gene sequence data, protein sequence data, general gene and protein annotation, gene positions, general genome/proteome statistics, taxonomic and phenotypic information, bacterial chromosome maps (images)
It is divided in two parts: the Core genome, a set of genes common to all the genomes under study (often housekeeping genes vital for survival), and the Dispensable/Flexible genome: a set of genes not present in all but one or some genomes under study. A bioinformatics tool BPGA can be used to characterize the Pan Genome of bacterial species. [32]