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There was still no external differentiation between yūdansha (black belt ranks) and mudansha (those who had not yet attained a dan grade). Different athletic departments within the Japanese school system were already using markers of rank, most notably in swimming, where advanced swimmers wore a black ribbon around their waists. [4]
The 1871–1945 Japanese military and naval ranks were phased out after World War II. The Self-Defence Force breaks away from the Sino-centric tradition of non-branch-specified ranks; each JSDF rank with respect to each service carries a distinct Japanese title, although equivalent titles in different branches are still similar, differing only ...
This system uses colored belts (obi) to indicate rank. Originally, karate had only three belt colors: white, brown, and black (with ranks within each). The original belt system, still used by many Shotokan schools, is: 8th rising to 4th kyū: white; 3rd rising to 1st kyū: brown; 1st and higher dan: black
Yūdansha (roughly translating from Japanese to "person who holds a dan grade") is often used to describe those who hold a black belt rank. While the belt remains black, stripes or other insignia may be added to denote seniority, in some arts, very senior grades will wear differently colored belts. In judo and some forms of karate, a sixth dan ...
Articles on the various personal titles, rank, ranking systems, and related terms and concepts in Japanese martial arts. See also, Japanese titles . Pages in category "Titles and rank in Japanese martial arts"
In modern Japanese martial arts, kyū-level practitioners hold the ranks below dan or black belt. The kyū ranking system varies from art to art and school to school. In some arts, all the kyū -level practitioners wear white belts while in others different coloured belts, tags or stripes are used; in kendo for example the belt system is not used.
The number of personnel in paramilitary forces: armed units that are not considered part of a nation's formal military forces. The total number of active, reserve, and paramilitary personnel. The ratio per thousand inhabitants of total military (active, reserve, and paramilitary). The ratio per thousand inhabitants of active military only.
Black belt holders (yudansha) all wear a black belt that may be embroidered with the holder's name and style. There are ceremonial belts for high-ranking black belts, including the red and white panelled belt for holders of 6th, 7th and 8th Dan, and a red belt for 9th and 10th Dan masters.