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Hypothyroidism is common in pregnancy with an estimated prevalence of 2-3% and 0.3-0.5% for subclinical and overt hypothyroidism respectively. [8] Endemic iodine deficiency accounts for most hypothyroidism in pregnant women worldwide while chronic autoimmune thyroiditis is the most common cause of hypothyroidism in iodine sufficient parts of the world.
Recognizing and evaluating hyperthyroidism in pregnancy is a diagnostic challenge. [58] Thyroid hormones are commonly elevated during the first trimester of pregnancy as the pregnancy hormone human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) stimulates thyroid hormone production, in a condition known as gestational transient thyrotoxicosis. [8]
Symptoms of normal pregnancy, like fatigue, can make it easy to overlook thyroid problems in pregnancy. [1] Thyroid hormone is vital during pregnancy. The unborn baby's brain and nervous system need thyroid hormone to develop. During the first trimester, the baby depends on the mother's supply of thyroid hormone. At 10 to 12 weeks of pregnancy ...
Thyroid disease is a medical condition that affects the function of the thyroid gland. The thyroid gland is located at the front of the neck ... During pregnancy, ...
Of those women who experience hypothyroidism associated with postpartum thyroiditis, one in five will develop permanent hypothyroidism requiring lifelong treatment. Postpartum thyroiditis is believed to result from the modifications to the immune system necessary in pregnancy, and histologically is a subacute lymphocytic thyroiditis.
Risk factors for developing hypothyroidism during pregnancy include iodine deficiency, history of thyroid disease, visible goiter, hypothyroidism symptoms, family history of thyroid disease, history of type 1 diabetes or autoimmune conditions, and history of infertility or fetal loss.
Thyroid disease also has a marked effect on BMR, since thyroid hormones regulate the rate of cellular metabolism. [3] Hyperthyroidism —in which there is an increase in the production of thyroid hormones—leads to a high BMR, while hypothyroidism —in which thyroid hormones are depleted—causes a low BMR.
Use during pregnancy may harm the baby. [3] Propylthiouracil is in the antithyroid family of medications. [4] It works by decreasing the amount of thyroid hormone produced by the thyroid gland and blocking the conversion of thyroxine (T4) to triiodothyronine (T3). [3] Propylthiouracil came into medical use in the 1940s. [5]
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