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Most metal borides are hard; [41] however, a few stand out among them for their particularly high hardnesses (for example, WB 4, [42] [43] RuB 2, OsB 2 and ReB 2). These metal borides are still metals and not semiconductors or insulators (as indicated by their high electronic density of states at the Fermi Level ); however, the additional ...
Tungsten is mainly used in the production of hard materials based on tungsten carbide (WC), one of the hardest carbides. WC is an efficient electrical conductor , but W 2 C is less so. WC is used to make wear-resistant abrasives , and "carbide" cutting tools such as knives, drills, circular saws , dies , milling and turning tools used by the ...
Osmium is a hard, brittle, blue-gray metal, and the densest stable element—about twice as dense as lead. The density of osmium is slightly greater than that of iridium; the two are so similar (22.587 versus 22.562 g/cm 3 at 20 °C) that each was at one time considered to be the densest element.
A very hard, brittle, silvery-white transition metal of the platinum group, it is considered the second-densest naturally occurring metal (after osmium) with a density of 22.56 g/cm 3 (0.815 lb/cu in) as defined by experimental X-ray crystallography.
To address the issue, NASA said two tools were created from surgical steel — “the hardest metal approved for use in the pristine curation gloveboxes.” ...
A given sample of metal will contain many grains, with each grain having a fairly consistent array pattern. At an even smaller scale, each grain contains irregularities. There are two types of irregularities at the grain level of the microstructure that are responsible for the hardness of the material.
The final result of exactly how hard the steel becomes depends on the amount of carbon present in the metal. Only steel that is high in carbon can be hardened and tempered. If a metal does not contain the necessary quantity of carbon, then its crystalline structure cannot be broken, and therefore the physical makeup of the steel cannot be altered.