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Schistosomiasis, also known as snail fever, bilharzia, and Katayama fever, [1] [2] [9] is a disease caused by parasitic flatworms called schistosomes. [5] The urinary tract or the intestines may be infected. [5] Symptoms include abdominal pain, diarrhoea, bloody stool, or blood in the urine. [5]
Schistosoma japonicum is an important parasite and one of the major infectious agents of schistosomiasis.This parasite has a very wide host range, infecting at least 31 species of wild mammals, including nine carnivores, 16 rodents, one primate (human), two insectivores and three artiodactyls and therefore it can be considered a true zoonosis.
Schistosoma is a genus of trematodes, commonly known as blood flukes.They are parasitic flatworms responsible for a highly significant group of infections in humans termed schistosomiasis, which is considered by the World Health Organization to be the second-most socioeconomically devastating parasitic disease (after malaria), with hundreds of millions infected worldwide.
The 1990–2013 Global Burden of Disease Study estimated 5,500 direct deaths from schistosomiasis, [77] while more than 200,000 people were estimated in 2013 to die annually from causes related to schistosomiasis. [78] Another 20 million have severe consequences from the disease. [79] It is the most deadly of the neglected tropical diseases. [80]
An intestinal parasite infection is a condition in which a parasite infects the gastro-intestinal tract of humans and other animals. Such parasites can live anywhere in the body, but most prefer the intestinal wall.
There is an increased risk of infection associated with amount of time spent outdoors, a larger roaming space accessed by the dog, and increasing age. [ 19 ] Cryptococcosis * is a fungal disease caused by Cryptococcus neoformans that affects both dogs and humans.
Work on schistosomiasis showed that water-resistant topical applications of the common insect repellent DEET prevented schistosomes from penetrating the skin of mice. [16] Public education of risk factors, a good alternative to the aforementioned interventionist strategies, can also reduce human exposure to cercariae. [17]
The prevention of schistosomiasis involves avoiding contact with contaminated freshwater sources, such as swimming, wading, or bathing in stagnant water, especially in endemic areas. Proper sanitation and hygiene practices, such as washing hands and clothes properly, can reduce the risk of infection.