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Limestone (calcium carbonate CaCO 3) is a type of carbonate sedimentary rock which is the main source of the material lime. It is composed mostly of the minerals calcite and aragonite, which are different crystal forms of CaCO 3. Limestone forms when these minerals precipitate out of water containing dissolved calcium. This can take place ...
Karst. Typical karst terrain of the Dinaric Alps. Lijiang fengcong (cone karst) in Guilin as part of the South China Karst. Karst formation of the Serra de Tramuntana. Karst (/ kɑːrst /) is a topography formed from the dissolution of soluble carbonate rocks such as limestone and dolomite.
Gypsum stalactites in a cave formed via sulfuric acid dissolution (Lechuguilla Cave, New Mexico) A solutional cave, solution cave, or karst cave is a cave usually formed in the soluble rock limestone. It is the most frequently occurring type of cave. It can also form in other rocks, including chalk, dolomite, marble, salt beds, and gypsum.
An aquifer is an underground layer of water -bearing material, consisting of permeable or fractured rock, or of unconsolidated materials (gravel, sand, or silt). Aquifers vary greatly in their characteristics. The study of water flow in aquifers and the characterization of aquifers is called hydrogeology. Related terms include aquitard, which ...
Tufa. Tufa is a variety of limestone formed when carbonate minerals precipitate out of water in unheated rivers or lakes. Geothermally heated hot springs sometimes produce similar (but less porous) carbonate deposits, which are known as travertine or thermogene travertine. Tufa is sometimes referred to as meteogene travertine.
Malham Cove is a large curved limestone formation 0.6 miles (1 km) north of the village of Malham, North Yorkshire, England. It was formed by a waterfall carrying meltwater from glaciers at the end of the last Ice Age more than 12,000 years ago. Today it is a well-known beauty spot and rock climbing crag within the Yorkshire Dales National Park ...
The Pancake Rocks are a heavily eroded limestone formation where the sea bursts through several vertical blowholes during incoming swells, particularly at high tide. The limestone was formed in the Oligocene period (around 22–30 million years old), a period in the geological history of New Zealand where most of the continent of Zealandia was submerged beneath shallow seas. [2]
Travertine (/ ˈtrævərtiːn / TRAV-ər-teen) [1] is a form of terrestrial limestone deposited around mineral springs, especially hot springs. It often has a fibrous or concentric appearance and exists in white, tan, cream-colored, and rusty varieties. [2][3] It is formed by a process of rapid precipitation of calcium carbonate, often at the ...