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A khanate or khaganate is a type of historic polity ruled by a khan, khagan, khatun, or khanum. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Khanates were typically nomadic Turkic , Mongol and Tatar societies located on the Eurasian Steppe , [ 3 ] [ 4 ] [ 5 ] politically equivalent in status to kinship-based chiefdoms and feudal monarchies .
The Chagatai Khanate, also known as the Chagatai Ulus, [10] was a Mongol and later Turkicized khanate [11] [12] that comprised the lands ruled by Chagatai Khan, [13] second son of Genghis Khan, and his descendants and successors.
The reduced, Moghulistan, lasted until the late 15th century, when it broke off into the Yarkent Khanate and the Turpan Khanate. In 1680, the remaining Chagatai domains lost their independence to the Dzungar Khanate, and in 1705, the last Chagatai khan was removed from power, ending the dynasty.
The Ilkhanate or Il-khanate was a Mongol khanate founded in the southwestern territories of the Mongol Empire. It was ruled by the Il-Khans or Ilkhanids ( Persian : ایلخانان , romanized : Īlkhānān ), and known to the Mongols as Hülegü Ulus ( lit.
In 1449, Hacı I Giray seized Crimea from Ahmad I, and founded the Crimean Khanate. [138] The Crimean Khanate considered its state as the heir and legal successor of the Golden Horde and Desht-i Kipchak, called themselves khans of "the Great Horde, the Great State and the Throne of the Crimea". [139] [140]
The Dzungar Khanate, also written as the Zunghar Khanate or Junggar Khanate, was an Inner Asian khanate of Oirat Mongol origin. At its greatest extent, it covered an area from southern Siberia in the north to present-day Kyrgyzstan in the south, and from the Great Wall of China in the east to present-day Kazakhstan in the west.
The terms "Khanate of Khiva" and "Khivan Khanate", by which the polity is commonly known in Western scholarship, are a calque that derive from the Russian exonym: Хивинское ханство, romanized: Khivinskoe khanstvo. [9] [10] The term was first used by the Russians in the second half of the 17th century, [10] or in the 18th century ...
The Khanate of Bukhara (or Khanate of Bukhoro) was an Uzbek [5] state in Central Asia from 1501 to 1785, founded by the Abu'l-Khayrid dynasty, a branch of the Shaybanids.From 1533 to 1540, Bukhara briefly became its capital during the reign of Ubaidullah Khan.