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  2. History of water supply and sanitation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_water_supply...

    The history of water supply and sanitation is one of a logistical challenge to provide clean water and sanitation systems since the dawn of civilization. Where water resources, infrastructure or sanitation systems were insufficient, diseases spread and people fell sick or died prematurely. Astronaut Jack Lousma taking a shower in space, 1974

  3. History of municipal treatment of drinking water - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_municipal...

    Water closets could now empty into the cities sewer which in turn emptied into the Thames. [8] This was a disaster for the river. In 1816 salmon could be caught in the Thames, four years later none could be caught. The water closet overloaded the medieval cesspool system which was still in use. The use of water to dispose of sewage in the water ...

  4. Wastewater treatment - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wastewater_treatment

    Sewage treatment plant (a type of wastewater treatment plant) in La Crosse, Wisconsin. Wastewater treatment is a process which removes and eliminates contaminants from wastewater. It thus converts it into an effluent that can be returned to the water cycle. Once back in the water cycle, the effluent creates an acceptable impact on the environment.

  5. Water reuse in California - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_reuse_in_California

    In the face of groundwater overdraft, declining snowpack, changing climate, increased drought and high temperatures, some Southern California cities have found water reuse to be a cost-effective way to augment their water supply. [6] The initial costs of building a wastewater treatment plant can be more expensive than other methods of attaining ...

  6. Sewage treatment - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sewage_treatment

    Sewage treatment (or domestic wastewater treatment, municipal wastewater treatment) is a type of wastewater treatment which aims to remove contaminants from sewage to produce an effluent that is suitable to discharge to the surrounding environment or an intended reuse application, thereby preventing water pollution from raw sewage discharges. [2]

  7. Upper Occoquan Sewage Authority - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upper_Occoquan_Sewage...

    In 1978, the UOSA Regional Water Reclamation Plant, located on 470 acres (1.9 km 2) in western Fairfax County, commenced operations and replaced eleven small secondary treatment plants in the region. Since that time, water quality in the Occoquan Reservoir has steadily improved and the reliable, high-quality effluent produced by UOSA has ...

  8. New York City water supply system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_City_water_supply...

    The plant was completed in 2015 at a cost of over $3 billion. [20] [21] The facility was constructed 160 feet (49 m) under Van Cortlandt Park in the Bronx and filters water delivered by the New Croton Aqueduct. [22] The 830-by-550-foot (250 by 170 m) plant, which is bigger than Yankee Stadium, [20] is the city's first water filtration plant. [21]

  9. Levelized cost of water - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levelized_cost_of_water

    The levelized cost of water (LCOW or LCW) is the "cost per unit volume of product water produced by a water treatment process or service". It is a measure of efficiency, with lower values representing more efficient methods. LCW can refer to drinking water for human consumption or water for irrigation. [1]