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Order of magnitude is a concept used to discuss the scale of numbers in relation to one another. Two numbers are "within an order of magnitude" of each other if their ratio is between 1/10 and 10. In other words, the two numbers are within about a factor of 10 of each other. [1] For example, 1 and 1.02 are within an order of magnitude.
0.6–1.3 bits – approximate information per letter of English text. [3] 2 0: bit: 10 0: bit 1 bit – 0 or 1, false or true, Low or High (a.k.a. unibit) 1.442695 bits (log 2 e) – approximate size of a nat (a unit of information based on natural logarithms) 1.5849625 bits (log 2 3) – approximate size of a trit (a base-3 digit) 2 1
A back-of-the-envelope calculation is a rough calculation, typically jotted down on any available scrap of paper such as an envelope. It is more than a guess but less than an accurate calculation or mathematical proof. The defining characteristic of back-of-the-envelope calculations is the use of simplified assumptions.
Chimpanzee probably not typing Hamlet. Mathematics – random selections: Approximately 10 −183,800 is a rough first estimate of the probability that a typing "monkey", or an English-illiterate typing robot, when placed in front of a typewriter, will type out William Shakespeare's play Hamlet as its first set of inputs, on the precondition it typed the needed number of characters. [1]
Objects with size order of magnitude 1e16m: Ten light-years (94.6 Pm) radius circle with yellow Vernal Point arrow; Bubble Nebula (NGC 7635), left; Dumbbell Nebula (NGC 6853), right; one light-year shell lower right with the smaller Cat's Eye Nebula (NGC_6543) and Barnard 68 adjacent. 1e16m lengths: Ten light-years (94.6 Pm) yellow shell ...
951 Gaspra, the first asteroid ever to be closely approached by a spacecraft (rough estimate) [125] 1 × 10 16 kg Rough estimate of the total carbon content of all organisms on Earth. [126] 3 × 10 16 kg Rough estimate of everything produced by the human species. [127] 3.8 × 10 16 kg Total carbon stored in the oceans. [128] 10 17: 1.6 × 10 17 kg
The "kT" constant at 25 °C, a common rough approximation for the total thermal energy of each molecule in a system (0.03 eV) [13] 7–22×10 −21 J Energy of a hydrogen bond (0.04 to 0.13 eV) [11] [14] 10 −20 4.5×10 −20 J Upper bound of the mass–energy of a neutrino in particle physics (0.28 eV) [15] [16] 10 −19 1.602 176 634 × 10 ...
10 3: kilo-(kW)1–3 × 10 3 W : tech: heat output of a domestic electric kettle 1.1 × 10 3 W : tech: power of a microwave oven 1.366 × 10 3 W : astro: power per square meter received from the Sun at the Earth's orbit