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  2. List of cognitive biases - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_cognitive_biases

    Overconfidence effect, a tendency to have excessive confidence in one's own answers to questions. For example, for certain types of questions, answers that people rate as "99% certain" turn out to be wrong 40% of the time. [5] [44] [45] [46] Planning fallacy, the tendency for people to underestimate the time it will take them to complete a ...

  3. False-uniqueness effect - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/False-uniqueness_effect

    Seeking to ameliorate one’s self-esteem is a strong motivation to believe that your qualities are more unique than that of your peers. In fact, the false uniqueness effect is strongly associated with the perception of superiority or at least the avoidance of inferiority, which can be explained by self-preservation. [ 10 ]

  4. Unique - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unique

    Unique primarily refers to: Uniqueness , a state or condition wherein something is unlike anything else In mathematics and logic, a unique object is the only object with a certain property, see Uniqueness quantification

  5. Personality - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personality

    Personality is any person's collection of interrelated behavioral, cognitive, and emotional patterns that comprise a person’s unique adjustment to life. [1] [2] These interrelated patterns are relatively stable, but can change over long time periods, [3] [4] driven by experiences and maturational processes, especially the adoption of social roles as worker or parent. [2]

  6. Ontology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ontology

    The school of Neoplatonism arose in the 3rd century CE and proposed an ineffable source of everything, called the One, which is more basic than being itself. [184] The problem of universals was an influential topic in medieval ontology. Boethius (477–524 CE) suggested that universals can exist not only in matter but also in the mind.

  7. Consciousness - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consciousness

    This includes questions regarding whether someone is the "same person" from moment to moment. If that is the case, another question is what exactly the "identity carrier" is that makes a conscious being "the same" being from one moment to the next.

  8. Motivation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motivation

    Direction refers to the goal people choose. It is the objective in which they decide to invest their energy. For example, if one roommate decides to go to the movies while the other visits a party, they both have motivation but their motivational states differ in regard to the direction they pursue. [42]

  9. Subjectivism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subjectivism

    He used it as an epistemological tool to prove the opposite (an objective world of facts independent of one's own knowledge, ergo the "Father of Modern Philosophy" inasmuch as his views underlie a scientific worldview). [1] Subjectivism accords primacy to subjective experience as fundamental of all measure and law. [4]