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In vertebrates, gap junction hemichannels are primarily homo- or hetero-hexamers of connexin proteins. Hetero-hexamers at gap junction plaques, help form a uniform intercellular space of 2-4 nm. [21] In this way hemichannels in the membrane of each cell are aligned with one another forming an intercellular communication path. [22]
A gap junction modulator is a compound or agent that either facilitates or inhibits the transfer of small molecules between biological cells by regulating gap junctions. [1] Various physiological processes including cardiac , neural or auditory , depend on gap junctions to perform crucial regulatory roles, and the modulators themselves are the ...
The pH sensitivity depends on the type of connexin composing the gap junction, but the channels generally close at a pH of 6.4-6.2. [8] [10] Under weak acidic conditions, the gap junction’s channels are observed to remain closed despite voltage changes, while under strong acidic conditions, the channels do open with voltage, but close ...
Connexins are commonly named according to their molecular weights, e.g. Cx26 is the connexin protein of 26 kDa. A competing nomenclature is the gap junction protein system, where connexins are sorted by their α (GJA) and β (GJB) forms, with additional connexins grouped into the C, D and E groupings, followed by an identifying number, e.g. GJA1 corresponds to Cx43.
Gap junctions play vital roles in the human body, [11] including their role in the uniform contractile of the heart muscle. [11] They are also relevant in signal transfers in the brain, and their absence shows a decreased cell density in the brain. [12] Retinal and skin cells are also dependent on gap junctions in cell differentiation and ...
This location is the gap junction, where connexons facilitate rapid cell-to-cell interactions via electrical transmissions. Gap junctions are often present at nerve endings such as in cardiac muscle and are important in maintaining homeostasis in the liver and proper function of the kidneys.
Gap junctions are the main site of cell-cell signaling or communication that allow small molecules to diffuse between adjacent cells. In vertebrates, gap junctions are composed of transmembrane proteins called connexins. They form hexagonal pores or channels through which ions, sugars, and other small molecules can pass.
118446 Ensembl ENSG00000176402 ENSMUSG00000056966 UniProt Q8NFK1 Q921C1 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_181538 NM_080450 RefSeq (protein) NP_853516 NP_536698 Location (UCSC) Chr 7: 99.92 – 99.93 Mb Chr 5: 137.95 – 137.96 Mb PubMed search Wikidata View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse Gap junction gamma-3, also known as connexin-29 (Cx29) or gap junction epsilon-1 (GJE1), is a protein that in humans is encoded ...