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An autophagosome is a spherical structure with double layer membranes. [2] It is the key structure in macroautophagy , the intracellular degradation system for cytoplasmic contents (e.g., abnormal intracellular proteins , excess or damaged organelles , invading microorganisms).
[8] [9] [10] In macroautophagy (the most thoroughly researched form of autophagy), cytoplasmic components (like mitochondria) are targeted and isolated from the rest of the cell within a double-membrane vesicle known as an autophagosome, [11] [12] which, in time, fuses with an available lysosome, bringing its specialty process of waste ...
The COL3A1 gene is located on the long (q) arm of chromosome 2 at 2q32.2, between positions 188 974 372 and 189 012 745. The gene has 51 exons and is approximately 40 kbp long. [ 7 ] The COL3A1 gene is in tail-to-tail orientation with a gene for another fibrillar collagen, namely COL5A2 .
Microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3B (hereafter referred to as LC3) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MAP1LC3B gene. [5] LC3 is a central protein in the autophagy pathway where it functions in autophagy substrate selection and autophagosome biogenesis. LC3 is the most widely used marker of autophagosomes. [6]
The nascent phagosome is not inherently bactericidal. As it matures, it becomes more acidic from pH 6.5 to pH 4, and gains characteristic protein markers and hydrolytic enzymes. The different enzymes function at various optimal pH, forming a range so they each work in narrow stages of the maturation process.
952 12494 Ensembl ENSG00000004468 ENSMUSG00000029084 UniProt P28907 P56528 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_001775 NM_007646 RefSeq (protein) NP_001766 NP_031672 Location (UCSC) Chr 4: 15.78 – 15.85 Mb Chr 5: 44.03 – 44.07 Mb PubMed search Wikidata View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse CD38 (cluster of differentiation 38), also known as cyclic ADP ribose hydrolase, is a glycoprotein found on the surface of many ...
Intussusceptive angiogenesis, also known as splitting angiogenesis, is the formation of a new blood vessel by splitting an existing blood vessel into two. Intussusception was first observed in neonatal rats. In this type of vessel formation, the capillary wall extends into the lumen to split a single vessel in two. There are four phases of ...
The Atg1 gene lies on chromosome VII of S. cerevisiae. The encoded protein with a mass of 101.7 kDa has a length of 897 amino acids and includes a protein serine/threonin kinase domain of 302 amino acids at its N-terminus. At the C-terminus, there is a 7 amino acid long region that is required for Cvt trafficking.