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In politics, a defector is a person who gives up allegiance to one state in exchange for allegiance to another, changing sides in a way which is considered illegitimate by the first state. [1] More broadly, defection involves abandoning a person, cause, or doctrine to which one is bound by some tie, as of allegiance or duty. [2] [3]
Though corruption was a global phenomenon, the Gandhi period saw the disruptive politics of defection become rampant in India. [ 7 ] With rising public opinion [ citation needed ] for an anti-defection law, immediately after securing a clear majority in 1984, Rajiv Gandhi proposed the new anti-defection bill in the Parliament.
The Anti-Defection Law was passed in 1985 through the 52nd Amendment to the Constitution. The main intent of the law was to combat “the evil of political defections” by elected politicians for the lure of office.It mainly focus on crime background of any political leader before registering his/her name for election.
Political opportunity theory, also known as the political process theory or political opportunity structure, is an approach of social movements that is heavily influenced by political sociology. It argues that success or failure of social movements is affected primarily by political opportunities.
Iranian airline pilot; applied for political asylum in Austria after piloting his Iran Air Boeing 727 on a flight from Tehran [15] [16] Seyyed Jabbar Mehdiyoun: Athlete 1982 Wrestler; defected during the 1982 World Wrestling Championships in Edmonton, Canada [17] Mohammad Hossein Naghdi: Diplomat 1982
Year of defection Country of defection Maurizio Gelli Businessman Italy: 2009 Nicaragua: Edward Snowden: National Security Agency contractor: United States: 2013: Russia: Choe In-guk South Korean citizen South Korea: 2019 North Korea: Evan Neumann: Trumpist militant United States 2022 Belarus: Emil Czeczko: Polish Land Forces: Poland: 2021 ...
Class dealignment is a process in which members of a social class no longer vote for the party that their class is aligned with. In the UK, traditionally, working class voters support Labour and middle class voters support the Conservatives; an example of class dealignment would be if the working class began to view themselves as lower middle class.
Defective democracy (or flawed democracy) is a concept that was proposed by the political scientists Wolfgang Merkel, Hans-Jürgen Puhle and Aurel S. Croissant at the beginning of the 21st century to subtilize the distinctions between totalitarian, authoritarian, and democratic political systems. [1] [2] It is based on the concept of embedded ...