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Samantha Cristoforetti demonstrating the use of the Valsalva device in the Sokol space suit. The Valsalva device is a device used in spacesuits, some full face diving masks, and diving helmets to allow astronauts and commercial divers to equalize the pressure in their ears by performing the Valsalva maneuver inside the suit without using their hands to block their nose.
The forehead flap is known as the best donor site for repairing nasal defects because of its size, superior vascularity, skin color, texture and thickness. [1] [3] [4] Especially the color and texture of the forehead skin matches exactly with the skin of the nose. This is why the forehead flap is used so much for nasal reconstruction.
Isabelle Dinoire (3 February 1967 – 22 April 2016) was a French woman who was the first person to undergo a partial face transplant, after her pet dog severely injured her face while she was passed out from an overdose of sleeping pills in May 2005.
Sovereign: a gold barred-face (tournament) helm placed affronté; Peer's helmet: silver barred-face (tournament) helm placed in profile; Knight's or baronet's helmet: steel helm (earlier jousting helm, later close helm) placed affronté with visor open; Esquire's helmet: steel helm placed in profile with visor closed
11th century Moravian nasal helmet, Vienna. One of the few remaining examples of such helmets. The nasal helmet was a type of combat helmet characterised by the possession of a projecting bar covering the nose and thus protecting the centre of the face; it was of Western European origins and was used from the late 9th century to at least c. 1250.
Bascinet without accessories. The bascinet – also bassinet, basinet, or bazineto – was a Medieval European open-faced combat helmet.It evolved from a type of iron or steel skullcap, but had a more pointed apex to the skull, and it extended downwards at the rear and sides to afford protection for the neck.
The enclosed helmet was created by adding a face-protecting plate, pierced for sight and breathing, and by extending downwards the back and sides of a flat-topped helmet, to produce a cylindrical helm. [4] From the evidence of extant contemporary illustrations the face protection was added first, probably as an extension of the pre-existing nasal.
Camail with triangle ventail (mail flap) on a bascinet (ca. 1360) at the German Historical Museum.. An aventail (/ ˈ æ v ən t eɪ l /) [1] or camail (/ k ə ˈ m eɪ l, ˈ k æ m eɪ l /) [2] [3] is a flexible curtain of mail attached to the skull of a helmet that extends to cover at least the neck, but often also the throat and shoulders.