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Veṇpā is a closely related family of very strict [6] Tamil verse forms. They differ chiefly in the number of standard lines that occur before the final short line. In kuṟaḷ-veṇpā (or simply "kural") a single 4-foot ("standard") line is followed by a final 3-foot ("short") line, resulting in a 7-foot couplet. [7]
In a social and political context, the Kural text glorifies valour and victory during war and recommends a death sentence for the wicked only as a means of justice. [18] [163] [164] According to Kaushik Roy, the Kural text in substance is a classic on realism and pragmatism, and it is not a mystic, purely philosophical document. [147]
Download as PDF; Printable version; In other projects ... Kural (poetic form) L. Landay (poetry) ... Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution ...
The Kural text, considered to have been written in the 1st century BCE, [2] remained unknown to the outside world for close to one and a half millennia. The first translation of the Kural text appeared in Malayalam in 1595 CE under the title Tirukkural Bhasha by an unknown author.
Form Coverage Notes 1: 1794: Nathaniel Edward Kindersley: Specimens of Hindoo Literature: London (W. Bulmer and Co.) Verse: Selections: Made the first ever translation of the Kural text into English in a chapter titled 'Extracts from the Teroo-Vaulaver Kuddul, or, The Ocean of Wisdom' in his book Specimens of Hindoo Literature [3] 2: 1812/1819 ...
Some sources claim that a second translation was that by Muhammad Yousuf Kokan in 1976. However, it is the first Arabic translation of the Kural text. [3] In 2022, as part of its Ancient Tamil Classics in Translations series, the Central Institute of Classical Tamil (CICT) in Chennai released its Urdu translation of the Kural by M. B. Amanulla.
The universality of the work is expressed by the various other names by which the text is given by, such as Tamiḻ maṟai (Tamil veda), Poyyāmoḻi (words that never fail), Vāyurai vāḻttu (truthful utterances), Ulaga pothumaṟai (The universal veda), and Deiva nūl (divine text). The Kural has been praised for its veracity over the ...
Avvaiyar was the court poet of the Chola monarch and was a contemporary of Kambar and Ottakkuttar. [5] She found great happiness in the life of small children. Her works, Ātticcūṭi and Konraiventhan, written for young children, are even now generally read and enjoyed by them.