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Inductive logic programming has adopted several different learning settings, the most common of which are learning from entailment and learning from interpretations. [16] In both cases, the input is provided in the form of background knowledge B, a logical theory (commonly in the form of clauses used in logic programming), as well as positive and negative examples, denoted + and respectively.
Inductive logic started to take a clearer shape in the early 20th century in the work of William Ernest Johnson and John Maynard Keynes, and was further developed by Rudolf Carnap. Carnap introduced the distinction between pure and applied inductive logic, [ 1 ] and the modern Pure Inductive Logic evolves along the lines of the pure ...
This was considered a landmark application for inductive logic programming, as a general purpose inductive learner had discovered results that were both novel and meaningful to domain experts. [ 4 ] Progol proved very influential in the field, and the widely-used inductive logic programming system Aleph builds directly on Progol.
Aleph (A Learning Engine for Proposing Hypotheses) [1] is an inductive logic programming system introduced by Ashwin Srinivasan in 2001. As of 2022 it is still one of the most widely used inductive logic programming systems. It is based on the earlier system Progol. [2]
Inductive programming (IP) is a special area of automatic programming, covering research from artificial intelligence and programming, which addresses learning of typically declarative (logic or functional) and often recursive programs from incomplete specifications, such as input/output examples or constraints.
Golem is an inductive logic programming algorithm developed by Stephen Muggleton and Cao Feng in 1990. [1] It uses the technique of relative least general generalisation proposed by Gordon Plotkin, leading to a bottom-up search through the subsumption lattice. [2]
Theta-subsumption (θ-subsumption, or just subsumption) is a decidable relation between two first-order clauses that guarantees that one clause logically entails the other. It was first introduced by John Alan Robinson in 1965 and has become a fundamental notion in inductive logic programming.
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