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cksum is a command in Unix and Unix-like operating systems that generates a checksum value for a file or stream of data. The cksum command reads each file given in its arguments, or standard input if no arguments are provided, and outputs the file's 32-bit cyclic redundancy check (CRC) checksum and byte count. [1]
Several utilities, such as md5deep, can use such checksum files to automatically verify an entire directory of files in one operation. The particular hash algorithm used is often indicated by the file extension of the checksum file. The ".sha1" file extension indicates a checksum file containing 160-bit SHA-1 hashes in sha1sum format.
BSD checksum (Unix) 16 bits sum with circular rotation SYSV checksum (Unix) 16 bits sum with circular rotation sum8 8 bits sum Internet Checksum: 16 bits sum (ones' complement) sum24 24 bits sum sum32 32 bits sum fletcher-4: 4 bits sum fletcher-8: 8 bits sum fletcher-16: 16 bits sum fletcher-32: 32 bits sum Adler-32: 32 bits sum xor8: 8 bits ...
The procedure which generates this checksum is called a checksum function or checksum algorithm. Depending on its design goals, a good checksum algorithm usually outputs a significantly different value, even for small changes made to the input. [ 2 ]
It is commonly used to verify the integrity of files. It (or a variant) is installed by default on most Linux distributions. Typically distributed alongside sha1sum are sha224sum, sha256sum, sha384sum and sha512sum, which use a specific SHA-2 hash function and b2sum, [1] which uses the BLAKE2 cryptographic hash function.
Linux kernel, version 5.17 replaced SHA-1 with BLAKE2s for hashing the entropy pool in the random number generator. [21] Open Network for Digital Commerce, a Government of India initiative, uses BLAKE-512 to sign API requests. [22] checksum, a Windows file hashing program has Blake2s as one of its algorithms [23]
Prints system information unlink: Removes the specified file using the unlink function uptime: Tells how long the system has been running users: Prints the user names of users currently logged into the current host who: Prints a list of all users currently logged in whoami: Prints the effective userid: yes: Prints a string repeatedly
File integrity monitoring (FIM) is an internal control or process that performs the act of validating the integrity of operating system and application software files using a verification method between the current file state and a known, good baseline.