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Following US restrictions on the Chinese semiconductor industry, [21] China, on 3 December 2024, for the first time imposed export restrictions targeted at the United States only rather than all countries, covering antimony, gallium, and germanium.
The "Final 2023 Critical Materials List" was determined by the United States Department of Energy (DOE), [5] with the Undersecretary for Science and Innovation involvement. . This list incorporates materials deemed critical for energy applications and minerals from the 2022 final list designated by the Department of the Interior through the United States Geological Survey (USG
Germanium is the substrate of the wafers for high-efficiency multijunction photovoltaic cells for space applications, such as the Mars Exploration Rovers, which use triple-junction gallium arsenide on germanium cells. [81] High-brightness LEDs, used for automobile headlights and to backlight LCD screens, are also an important application. [32]
Gallium trichloride is a common starting reagent for the formation of organogallium compounds, such as in carbogallation reactions. [44] Gallium trichloride reacts with lithium cyclopentadienide in diethyl ether to form the trigonal planar gallium cyclopentadienyl complex GaCp 3. Gallium(I) forms complexes with arene ligands such as ...
Indium Corporation is a materials refiner, smelter, manufacturer, and supplier to the global electronics, semiconductor, thin-film, and thermal management markets.Products include solders and fluxes; brazes; thermal interface materials; sputtering targets; indium, gallium, germanium, and tin metals and inorganic compounds; and NanoFoil.
Gallium (Ga) GaAs, GaN: Wafers for (a) integrated circuits in high-performance computers and telecommunications equipment and (b) LEDs, photodetectors, solar cells and medical equipment Trimethyl Ga, triethyl Ga: Epitaxial layering process for the production of LEDs Germanium (Ge) Ge: Substrate for wafers for high-efficiency photovoltaic cells
This is a list of 194 sources that list elements classified as metalloids. The sources are listed in chronological order. Lists of metalloids differ since there is no rigorous widely accepted definition of metalloid (or its occasional alias, 'semi-metal'). Individual lists share common ground, with variations occurring at the margins.
Indium is an ingredient in the gallium–indium–tin alloy galinstan, which is liquid at room temperature and replaces mercury in some thermometers. [80] Other alloys of indium with bismuth , cadmium , lead , and tin , which have higher but still low melting points (between 50 and 100 °C), are used in fire sprinkler systems and heat regulators.