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Richard Andrew Cloward (December 25, 1926 – August 20, 2001) was an American sociologist and activist. He influenced the Strain theory of criminal behavior and the concept of anomie , and was a primary motivator for the passage of the National Voter Registration Act of 1993 , commonly known as the "Motor Voter Act".
Together with fellow sociologist Richard A. Cloward, Ohlin wrote Delinquency and Opportunity: A Theory of Delinquent Gangs, which rejected the prevailing assumption that delinquency resulted from the irresponsibility of youths and argued that it was a symptom of poverty and the lack of alternative opportunities caused by poverty and that the ...
Illegitimate opportunity theory holds that individuals commit crimes not when the chances of being caught are low but from readily available illegitimate opportunities. The theory was first formalized by Richard Cloward and Lloyd Ohlin in 1960. [ 1 ]
Illegitimate opportunities is a sociological theory developed in 1960 by Richard Cloward and Lloyd Ohlin. The theory states that crimes result from a high number of illegitimate opportunities and not from a lack of legitimate ones. The theory was created from Merton's strain theory to help address juvenile delinquency. [13]
Richard Cloward and Lloyd Ohlin made reference to R. K. Merton's Strain Theory, while taking a further step in how the Subculture was 'Parallel' in their opportunities: the Criminal subculture had the same rules and level. [1]
Executive Order "Ending Illegal Discrimination And Restoring Merit-Based Opportunity", is an executive order signed by Donald Trump, the 47th President of the United States, on January 21, 2025. [1] The executive order instructs federal departments not to issue contracts to private organizations that enforce diversity, equity, inclusion and ...
The Equal Credit Opportunity Act of 1974 (ECOA), signed by President Gerald Ford 50 years ago on Oct. 28, 1974, changed that. It prevented creditors from discriminating against an applicant ...
Richard Cloward and Lloyd Ohlin suggested that delinquency can result from a differential opportunity for lower class youth. [42] Such youths may be tempted to take up criminal activities, choosing an illegitimate path that provides them more lucrative economic benefits than conventional, over legal options such as minimum wage -paying jobs ...