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Conduction system of the heart Sinus rhythm with acute inferior infarction complicated by Type I AV block manifest in the form of 5:4 Wenckebach periods; R-P/P-R reciprocity. Sinus rhythm (rate = 100/min) with 3:2 and 2:1 Type II AV block; right bundle branch block Sinus tachycardia with complete AV block and resulting junctional escape
There are many causes of AV block, ranging from a normal variant among people to the result of a heart attack. [9] First-degree AV block and Mobitz I second-degree block are often thought to be just normal, benign, conditions in people, and do not often result from a severe underlying condition. [1]
Third-degree atrioventricular block (AV block) is a medical condition in which the electrical impulse generated in the sinoatrial node (SA node) in the atrium of the heart can not propagate to the ventricles. [1] Because the impulse is blocked, an accessory pacemaker in the lower chambers will typically activate the ventricles.
First degree AV block does not generally cause any symptoms, but may progress to more severe forms of heart block such as second- and third-degree atrioventricular block. It is diagnosed using an electrocardiogram , and is defined as a PR interval greater than 200 milliseconds. [ 1 ]
Second-degree atrioventricular block (AV block) is a disease of the electrical conduction system of the heart. It is a conduction block between the atria and ventricles. The presence of second-degree AV block is diagnosed when one or more (but not all) of the atrial impulses fail to conduct to the ventricles due to impaired conduction.
Adams–Stokes syndrome, Stokes–Adams syndrome, Gerbec–Morgagni–Adams–Stokes syndrome or GMAS syndrome is a periodic fainting spell in which there is intermittent complete heart block or other high-grade arrhythmia that results in loss of spontaneous circulation and inadequate blood flow to the brain.
Around 90% of patients with preserved AV conduction have intact VA conduction, and about 30-40% of patients with complete AV block have preserved VA conduction. Intact VA conduction may not be apparent at the time of pacemaker implantation or even may develop at any time after implantation. [2] [5] [10] [11]
The atrioventricular block can be first degree or much more severe like a complete atrioventricular block (third degree). [5] [6] In addition, several changes in the ECG can be detected. [5] Other manifestations of the congenital heart block can be related to the impact of the maternal autoantibodies in the autoimmune-mediated CHB.