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Tensile testing, also known as tension testing, [1] is a fundamental materials science and engineering test in which a sample is subjected to a controlled tension until failure. Properties that are directly measured via a tensile test are ultimate tensile strength, breaking strength, maximum elongation and reduction in area. [2]
Tensile strength, ultimate ASTM D 638 MPa, average value 91.6 Tensile modulus ASTM D 638 GPa, average value 3.97 Tensile elongation ASTM D 638 % 3.15 Flexural strength ASTM D 790 MPa 133 Flexural modulus ASTM D 638 GPa 4.58 Compressive strength ASTM D 695 MPa, average 132 Izod impact strength ASTM D 256 J/m (ft-lb/in) average 0.521 (1)
The ultimate tensile strength of a material is an intensive property; therefore its value does not depend on the size of the test specimen.However, depending on the material, it may be dependent on other factors, such as the preparation of the specimen, the presence or otherwise of surface defects, and the temperature of the test environment and material.
A diametral compression test involves applying a stress load or force to the point where a material object is split in half (down the diameter of the object). [1] This test indirectly measures the tensile property of a material object, as the molecules of the material are pushed apart in opposite directions, similar to what happens to molecules in a direct tensile strength test.
where is the volume fraction of the fibers in the composite (and is the volume fraction of the matrix).. If it is assumed that the composite material behaves as a linear-elastic material, i.e., abiding Hooke's law = for some elastic modulus of the composite and some strain of the composite , then equations 1 and 2 can be combined to give
It is also known as the strength-to-weight ratio or strength/weight ratio or strength-to-mass ratio. In fiber or textile applications, tenacity is the usual measure of specific strength. The SI unit for specific strength is Pa ⋅ m 3 / kg , or N ⋅m/kg, which is dimensionally equivalent to m 2 /s 2 , though the latter form is rarely used.
Slow strain rate testing (SSRT), also called constant extension rate tensile testing (CERT), is a popular test used by research scientists to study stress corrosion cracking. It involves a slow (compared to conventional tensile tests) dynamic strain applied at a constant extension rate in the environment of interest.
Ductility: Ability of a material to deform under tensile load (% elongation). It is the property of a material by which it can be drawn into wires under the action of tensile force. A ductile material must have a high degree of plasticity and strength so that large deformations can take place without failure or rupture of the material.