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GCM was designed by John Viega and David A. McGrew to be an improvement to Carter–Wegman counter mode (CWC mode). [4] In November 2007, NIST announced the release of NIST Special Publication 800-38D Recommendation for Block Cipher Modes of Operation: Galois/Counter Mode (GCM) and GMAC making GCM and GMAC official standards. [5]
Galois/counter mode (GCM) combines the well-known counter mode of encryption with the new Galois mode of authentication. The key feature is the ease of parallel computation of the Galois field multiplication used for authentication. This feature permits higher throughput than encryption algorithms.
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Like Galois/Counter Mode, AES-GCM-SIV combines the well-known counter mode of encryption with the Galois mode of authentication. The key feature is the use of a synthetic initialization vector (SIV) which is computed with Galois field multiplication using a construction called POLYVAL (a little-endian variant of Galois/Counter Mode's GHASH).
A default cipher suite of GCM-AES-128 (Galois/Counter Mode of Advanced Encryption Standard cipher with 128-bit key) GCM-AES-256 using a 256 bit key was added to the standard 5 years later. Security tag inside each frame in addition to EtherType includes: association number within the channel
Yes, Galois/Counter Mode needs a block cipher, because you cannot run a stream cipher in counter mode, by definition. You can combine a stream cipher with a MAC based on polynomial multiplication in general, in fact, Google in particular does this a lot, but it will not be reasonable to call it GCM.
ChaCha20-Poly1305 is an authenticated encryption with associated data (AEAD) algorithm, that combines the ChaCha20 stream cipher with the Poly1305 message authentication code. [1] It has fast software performance, and without hardware acceleration, is usually faster than AES-GCM .
One use of these instructions is to improve the speed of applications doing block cipher encryption in Galois/Counter Mode, which depends on finite field GF(2 k) multiplication. Another application is the fast calculation of CRC values, [3] including those used to implement the LZ77 sliding window DEFLATE algorithm in zlib and pngcrush.