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In order to determine the new direction of the photon packet (and hence the photon direction cosines), we need to know the scattering phase function. Often the Henyey-Greenstein phase function is used. Then the scattering angle, θ, is determined using the following formula.
His work on the diffusion of the light in galaxies resulted in what is referred to as the Henyey-Greenstein phase function, [2] [3] first proposed in a paper he authored. [4] This scattering model has found use in other scientific disciplines. [5] The crater Henyey on the Moon is named after him, as is the asteroid called 1365 Henyey. [6]
The scattering inside the media can be determined by a phase function using importance sampling. Therefore, the Henyey–Greenstein phase function [ 6 ] — a non- isotropic phase function for simulating the scattering of materials like oceans, clouds or skin [ 4 ] — can be applied.
Isotropic scattering is simulated by picking random directions evenly along a sphere. Anisotropic scattering is simulated usually by using the Henyey-Greenstein phase function. For example, human skin has anisotropic scattering. Optical depth / absorption is applied based on the length of the paths, using the Beer-Lambert law.
The Henyey track is a path taken by pre-main-sequence stars with masses greater than 0.5 solar masses in the Hertzsprung–Russell diagram after the end of the Hayashi track. The astronomer Louis G. Henyey and his colleagues in the 1950s showed that the pre-main-sequence star can remain in radiative equilibrium throughout some period of its ...
The RTE is a differential equation describing radiance (, ^,).It can be derived via conservation of energy.Briefly, the RTE states that a beam of light loses energy through divergence and extinction (including both absorption and scattering away from the beam) and gains energy from light sources in the medium and scattering directed towards the beam.
In this way, phase retrieval allows for the conversion of a diffraction pattern into an image without an optical lens. Using phase retrieval algorithms, it is possible to characterize complex optical systems and their aberrations. [6] For example, phase retrieval was used to diagnose and repair the flawed optics of the Hubble Space Telescope ...
In astronomy, a phase curve describes the brightness of a reflecting body as a function of its phase angle (the arc subtended by the observer and the Sun as measured at the body). The brightness usually refers the object's absolute magnitude , which, in turn, is its apparent magnitude at a distance of one astronomical unit from the Earth and Sun.