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A square pyramid has five vertices, eight edges, and five faces. One face, called the base of the pyramid, is a square; the four other faces are triangles. [2] Four of the edges make up the square by connecting its four vertices. The other four edges are known as the lateral edges of the pyramid; they meet at the fifth vertex, called the apex. [3]
The elongated square bipyramid is dual to the square bifrustum, which has eight trapezoidals and two squares. A special kind of elongated square bipyramid without all regular faces allows a self-tessellation of Euclidean space. The triangles of this elongated square bipyramid are not regular; they have edges in the ratio 2: √ 3: √ 3.
[15] [16] Examples are square pyramid and pentagonal pyramid, a four- and five-triangular faces pyramid with a square and pentagon base, respectively; they are classified as the first and second Johnson solid if their regular faces and edges that are equal in length, and their symmetries are C 4v of order 8 and C 5v of order 10, respectively.
In geometry, a bipyramid, dipyramid, or double pyramid is a polyhedron formed by fusing two pyramids together base-to-base.The polygonal base of each pyramid must therefore be the same, and unless otherwise specified the base vertices are usually coplanar and a bipyramid is usually symmetric, meaning the two pyramids are mirror images across their common base plane.
The height of an elongated square pyramid can be calculated by adding the height of an equilateral square pyramid and a cube. The height of a cube is the same as the edge length of a cube's side, and the height of an equilateral square pyramid is ( 1 / 2 ) a {\displaystyle (1/{\sqrt {2}})a} .
The square-pyramidal pyramid, ( ) ∨ [( ) ∨ {4}], is a bisected octahedral pyramid. It has a square pyramid base, and 4 tetrahedrons along with another one more square pyramid meeting at the apex. It can also be seen in an edge-centered projection as a square bipyramid with four tetrahedra wrapped
A quadrilaterally-based pyramid has 5 vertices, 8 edges, bounded by 4 triangular and 1 quadrilateral face. These are effectively used as transition elements between square and triangular faced elements and other in hybrid meshes and grids.
The square pyramid can be seen as a triangular prism where one of its side edges (joining two squares) is collapsed into a point, losing one edge and one vertex, and changing two squares into triangles. Geometric variations with irregular faces can also be constructed. Some irregular pentahedra with six vertices may be called wedges.