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Offset printing is a common printing technique in which the inked image is transferred (or "offset") from a plate to a rubber blanket and then to the printing surface. When used in combination with the lithographic process, which is based on the repulsion of oil and water, the offset technique employs a flat (planographic) image carrier.
Waterless printing is an offset lithographic printing process that eliminates the use of water or the dampening system used in conventional printing. [1] Unlike traditional printing presses, waterless offset presses do not use a dampening solution to clear the press of ink . [ 2 ]
The printing is from a stone (lithographic limestone) or a metal plate with a smooth surface. It was invented in 1796 by the German author and actor Alois Senefelder and was initially used mostly for musical scores and maps. [3] [4] Lithography can be used to print text or images onto paper or other suitable material. [5]
Relief printing including woodcut; Intaglio (printmaking) or copperplate engraving; Planographic printing; Line engraving; 1917 office with a "Multigraph" duplicating machine at lower right. Printing/Applied ink methods Letterpress printing (via printing press) Gelatin methods (also indirect method) Hectograph; Collography, autocopyist
The root words photo, litho, and graphy all have Greek origins, with the meanings 'light', 'stone' and 'writing' respectively. As suggested by the name compounded from them, photolithography is a printing method (originally based on the use of limestone printing plates) in which light plays an essential role.
The printing cylinders are usually made from copper plated steel, which is subsequently chromed, and may be produced by diamond engraving; etching, or laser ablation. Gravure printing is known for its ability to produce high-quality, high-resolution images with accurate color reproduction and using viscosity control equipment during production.
A mimeograph machine (often abbreviated to mimeo, sometimes called a stencil duplicator or stencil machine) was a low-cost duplicating machine that worked by forcing ink through a stencil onto paper. [1] The process was called mimeography, and a copy made by the process was a mimeograph.
Invented by Bavarian author Aloys Senefelder in 1796, [114] lithography is a method for printing on a smooth surface. Lithography is a printing process that uses chemical processes to create an image. For instance, the positive part of an image would be a hydrophobic chemical, while the negative image would be water. Thus, when the plate is ...