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Memory modules added RAM main memory to the calculator, allowing more programming steps and/or more data registers. The original HP-41C had a main memory of 63 registers of 7 bytes each. Each register could hold either a number, a 6-character string, or up to seven program steps in the FOCAL language (program steps used a variable number of bytes).
So by definition the bounded program machine that does not use unbounded encoding tricks such as Gödel numbers cannot be universal. Minsky (1967) [13] hints at the issue in his investigation of a counter machine (he calls them "program computer models") equipped with the instructions { CLR (r), INC (r), and RPT ("a" times the instructions m to ...
The calculator is fully compatible with the second-generation models (B3-34 and MK-54), using the same command system and machine codes. On average, a program that takes all 105 steps of program memory and 15 registers on the MC-52 will be equivalent in capability to approximately 140-150 steps and 18 registers on the B3-34.
The Pascal-like programming language supported by the calculator is a predecessor of the HP Prime's HP PPL. The calculator is the first to support a 128-level stack [ 2 ] and Unicode ( UTF-16 ). Two variants with slightly different labeling of the a b/c key exist.
The use of semiconductor RAM dates back to 1965 when IBM introduced the monolithic (single-chip) 16-bit SP95 SRAM chip for their System/360 Model 95 computer, and Toshiba used bipolar DRAM memory cells for its 180-bit Toscal BC-1411 electronic calculator, both based on bipolar transistors.
In computing, a memory module or RAM stick is a printed circuit board on which memory integrated circuits are mounted. [ 1 ] Memory modules permit easy installation and replacement in electronic systems, especially computers such as personal computers , workstations , and servers .
The TI-95, also called the TI-95 PROCALC, is a keystroke programmable calculator and was introduced in 1987 by Texas Instruments.It was rather large, measuring 3.7" by 8" by 1" and had a 16-character alphanumeric display for the main display, and a set of 5 3-character displays for use as menu items.
Computational RAM (C-RAM) is random-access memory with processing elements integrated on the same chip. This enables C-RAM to be used as a SIMD computer. It also can be used to more efficiently use memory bandwidth within a memory chip. The general technique of doing computations in memory is called Processing-In-Memory (PIM).