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The war formally ended in 1862 when Russia promised autonomy for Chechnya and other Caucasian ethnic groups. [31] However, Chechnya and the surrounding region, including northern Dagestan, were incorporated into the Russian Empire as the Terek Oblast. Some Chechens have perceived Shamil's surrender as a betrayal, thus creating friction between ...
The First Chechen War, also referred to as the First Russo-Chechen War, was a struggle for independence waged by the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria against the Russian Federation from 11 December 1994 to 31 August 1996.
On 26 September 2002, after Saddam Hussein's meeting with the Chechen pro-Moscow President Akhmad Kadyrov, Iraq's Foreign Minister Naji Sabri stated the country's position with regard to Chechnya, namely that Chechnya is an integral part of Russia. "Iraq is firmly against any manifestations of separatism in Russia."
Chechnya was first incorporated as a whole into the Russian Empire in 1859 after the decades-long Caucasian War.Tsarist rule was marked by a transition into modern times, including the formation (or re-formation) of a Chechen bourgeoisie, the emergence of social movements, reorientation of the Chechen economy towards oil, heavy ethnic discrimination at the expense of Chechens and others in ...
The Chechen Republic of Ichkeria (/ ɪ tʃ ˈ k ɛr i ə / itch-KERR-ee-ə; Chechen: Нохчийн Республик Ичкери, romanized: Nóxçiyn Respublik Içkeri; Russian: Чеченская Республика Ичкерия, romanized: Chechenskaya Respublika Ichkeriya; abbreviated as "ChRI" or "CRI"), known simply as Ichkeria, and also known as Chechnya, is a former de facto ...
The 1997 agreement was preceded by the Khasavyurt Accord signed by Maskhadov, then the chief of staff of Chechen separatist forces, and the Russian general Alexander Lebed on 30 August 1996, which had formally ended the war in Chechnya with the withdrawal of all federal forces and administration, and thus the return to uneasy status quo of 1991–1994.
Otherwise they could suffer the fate that Chechnya did during the 1990s, when its attempts at secession were ruthlessly suppressed by the Kremlin in two costly wars.
Chechenization was a policy of the Russian Federation adopted during the Second Chechen War from 2001 onwards whereby pro-Moscow leaders such as Akhmad Kadyrov were elected in Chechnya, in elections organized by Russia that followed a constitutional referendum also organized by Russia, with the intent of this government, rather than Russia, then becoming responsible for fighting separatists.