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Symbrachydactyly is a congenital abnormality, characterized by limb anomalies consisting of brachydactyly, cutaneous syndactyly and global hypoplasia of the hand or foot. [1] In many cases, bones will be missing from the fingers and some fingers or toes may be missing altogether.
Compartment syndrome is a serious medical condition. [5] Increased pressure in a body compartment can harm blood flow and tissue function. [5] [6] [7] If not treated quickly, it may cause permanent damage. [7] There are two types, acute and chronic. [8] Acute compartment syndrome can lead to a loss of the affected limb due to tissue death. [6] [9]
Alien hand syndrome (AHS) or Dr. Strangelove syndrome [1] is a category of conditions in which a person experiences their limbs acting seemingly on their own, without conscious control over the actions. [2] There are a variety of clinical conditions that fall under this category, most commonly affecting the left hand. [3]
Gender, side of limb loss, and etiology of amputation have not been shown to affect the onset of phantom limb pain. [2] One investigation of lower limb amputation observed that as stump length decreased, and therefore length of the phantom limb increased, there was a greater incidence of moderate and severe phantom pain. [8]
A phantom limb is the sensation that an amputated or missing limb is still attached. It is a chronic condition that is often resistant to treatment. [1] When the cut ends of sensory fibres are stimulated during thigh movements, the patient feels as if the sensation is arising from the non-existent limb.
A limp is a type of asymmetric abnormality of the gait.Limping may be caused by pain, weakness, neuromuscular imbalance, or a skeletal deformity. The most common underlying cause of a painful limp is physical trauma; however, in the absence of trauma, other serious causes, such as septic arthritis or slipped capital femoral epiphysis, may be present.
In most types, the thumb, ring finger and little finger are the less affected parts of the hand. [7] The incidence of cleft hand varies from 1 in 90,000 to 1 in 10,000 births depending on the used classification. Cleft hand can appear unilateral or bilateral, [6] and can appear isolated or associated with a syndrome.
Muscles of the fingers can be subdivided into extrinsic and intrinsic muscles. The extrinsic muscles are the long flexors and extensors. They are called extrinsic because the muscle belly is located on the forearm. The fingers have two long flexors, located on the underside of the forearm. They insert by tendons to the phalanges of the fingers.