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Symbrachydactyly is a congenital abnormality, characterized by limb anomalies consisting of brachydactyly, cutaneous syndactyly and global hypoplasia of the hand or foot. [1] In many cases, bones will be missing from the fingers and some fingers or toes may be missing altogether.
Brachydactyly (from Greek βραχύς (brachus) 'short' and δάκτυλος (daktulos) 'finger') is a medical term denoting the presence of abnormally short digits (fingers or toes) at birth. The shortness is relative to the length of other long bones and other parts of the body.
Liebenberg syndrome is a rare autosomal genetic disease that involves a deletion mutation upstream of the PITX1 gene, which is one that's responsible for the body's organization, specifically in forming lower limbs. [2] In animal studies, when this deletion was introduced to developing birds, their wing buds were noted to take on limb-like ...
In most types, the thumb, ring finger and little finger are the less affected parts of the hand. [7] The incidence of cleft hand varies from 1 in 90,000 to 1 in 10,000 births depending on the used classification. Cleft hand can appear unilateral or bilateral, [6] and can appear isolated or associated with a syndrome.
In non-human primates, there is only one flexor muscle for all the fingers, whereas in humans, the flexor pollicis longus becomes distinct. [7] Linburg–Comstock syndrome may be viewed as an evolutionary persistent structure. It is still inconclusive whether or not the connection is congenital or acquired at a later time point in life.
Compartment syndrome occurs when pressure in a body compartment rises. [6] [7] This leads to a lack of blood supply to the tissue within it. [8] There are two types: acute and chronic. [6] Acute compartment syndrome can lead to a loss of the affected limb due to tissue death. [7] [9]
Alien hand syndrome (AHS) or Dr. Strangelove syndrome [1] is a category of conditions in which a person experiences their limbs acting seemingly on their own, without conscious control over the actions. [2] There are a variety of clinical conditions that fall under this category, most commonly affecting the left hand. [3]
Complex syndactyly occurs as part of a syndrome (such as Apert syndrome) and typically involves more digits than simple syndactyly. Fenestrated syndactyly, also known as acrosyndactyly or terminal syndactyly, [ 3 ] means the skin is joined for most of the digit but in a proximal area there are gaps in the syndactyly with normal skin.