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The caliph al-Muqtafi was the first Abbasid Caliph to regain the full military independence of the caliphate, with the help of his vizier Ibn Hubayra. After nearly 250 years of subjection to foreign dynasties, he successfully defended Baghdad against the Seljuqs in the siege of Baghdad (1157) , thus securing Iraq for the Abbasids.
Last Abbasid caliph of Later Abbasid Era; End of the Abbasid dynasty. Al-Musta'sim was the last known recognised Muslim caliph. His death marked the complete end of the Caliphate as a political and religious entity in the Middle East. Executed after the Mongol sack of Baghdad, he ruled for a period of 15 years 2 months and 15 days.
Al-Mu'tasim, (833–842) was an Abbasid caliph, patron of the art and a powerful military leader. Al-Wathiq, (r. 842–847) was an Abbasid caliph, he was well educated and with a considerable interest in scholarship. Al-Mutawakkil, (r. 847–861) was the tenth Abbasid caliph, under his reign the Abbasid Empire reached its territorial height.
A caliph is the supreme religious and political leader of an Islamic state known as the caliphate. [1] [2] Caliphs (also known as 'Khalifas') led the Muslim Ummah as political successors to the Islamic prophet Muhammad, [3] and widely-recognised caliphates have existed in various forms for most of Islamic history.
Abū Jā`far al-Mānsūr al-Mustansir bi'Llah bin al-Zâhir (Arabic: أبو جعفر المسنتصر بالله المنصور بن محمد الظاهر), better, known by his laqab al-Mustansir Bi'llah (Arabic: المسنتصر بالله), [3] (17 February 1192 – 2 December 1242) was the Caliph of the Abbasid dynasty from 1226 to 1242.
He continued the efforts of his grandfather al-Muqtafi in restoring the caliphate to its ancient dominant role and achieved a surprising amount of success as his army even conquered parts of Iran. [3] According to the historian, Angelika Hartmann, al-Nasir was the last effective Abbasid caliph. [4]
Abu Ahmad Abdallah (future caliph Al-Musta'sim) was a son of the Abbasid caliph al-Mustansir, and his mother was Hajir. [4] He was born in 1213. After the death of his father, al-Musta'sim succeeded to the throne in late 1242. He is noted for his opposition to the rise of Shajar al-Durr to the Egyptian throne during the Seventh Crusade. He sent ...
The future al-Radi was born on 20 December 909, to the caliph al-Muqtadir (r. 908–932) and a Greek-born slave concubine named Zalum. [5] [6] At the age of four, he received the nominal governorship of Egypt and the Maghreb, and was sent with the commander-in-chief Mu'nis al-Muzaffar to Egypt, who became his tutor.