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The Abbasid Caliphate first centered its government in Kufa, modern-day Iraq, but in 762 the caliph al-Mansur founded the city of Baghdad, near the ancient Babylonian capital city of Babylon and Sassanid city of Ctesiphon. Baghdad became the center of science, culture, arts, and invention in what became known as the Golden Age of Islam.
Last Abbasid caliph of Later Abbasid Era; End of the Abbasid dynasty. Al-Musta'sim was the last known recognised Muslim caliph. His death marked the complete end of the Caliphate as a political and religious entity in the Middle East. Executed after the Mongol sack of Baghdad, he ruled for a period of 15 years 2 months and 15 days.
Al-Mu'tasim, (833–842) was an Abbasid caliph, patron of the art and a powerful military leader. Al-Wathiq, (r. 842–847) was an Abbasid caliph, he was well educated and with a considerable interest in scholarship. Al-Mutawakkil, (r. 847–861) was the tenth Abbasid caliph, under his reign the Abbasid Empire reached its territorial height.
Abu Ja'far al-Mansur ibn al-Zahir [a] (17 February 1192 – 2 December 1242), commonly known as al-Mustansir I, [b] was the 36th Abbasid caliph, ruling from 1226 to 1242.He succeeded al-Zahir as caliph in the year 1226, and was the penultimate caliph to rule from Baghdad.
He continued the efforts of his grandfather al-Muqtafi in restoring the caliphate to its ancient dominant role and achieved a surprising amount of success as his army even conquered parts of Iran. [3] According to the historian, Angelika Hartmann, al-Nasir was the last effective Abbasid caliph. [4]
Lustreware was a costly and sophisticated innovation of ceramic production during the Abbasid period. The bird motif here is so stylized as to be almost abstract, which is a trend also typical of Abbasid design. [1] The arts of the Abbasid Caliphate included fabrication of ceramics, textiles, glassware, and decorated manuscripts.
Abbasid Silver Dirham of Caliph al-Mansur 754–775. Al-Mansur was the first Abbasid caliph to sponsor the Translation Movement. Al-Mansur was particularly interested in sponsoring the translations of texts on astronomy and astrology. [28] Al-Mansur called scientists to his court and became noted as patron of astronomers. [29]
Hārūn was born in Rey, then part of Jibal in the Abbasid Caliphate, in present-day Tehran Province, Iran. He was the son of al-Mahdi, the third Abbasid caliph (r. 775–785), and his wife al-Khayzuran, who was a woman of strong and independent personality who greatly influenced affairs of state in the reigns of her husband and sons. Growing ...