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The CM is a joint initiative to upgrade the DoD crypto inventory. Of the 1.3 million cryptographic devices in the U.S. inventory, 73 percent will be replaced over the next 10 to 15 years [when?] by ongoing and planned C4ISR systems programs, Information Technology modernization initiatives and advanced weapons platforms. [1] [citation needed]
In cryptography, mod n cryptanalysis is an attack applicable to block and stream ciphers. It is a form of partitioning cryptanalysis that exploits unevenness in how the cipher operates over equivalence classes (congruence classes) modulo n .
The encryption algorithm implements an XOR-based stream cipher using the Blum-Blum-Shub (BBS) pseudo-random number generator to generate the keystream. Decryption is accomplished by manipulating the final state of the BBS generator using the private key , in order to find the initial seed and reconstruct the keystream.
This table denotes, if a cryptography library provides the technical requisites for FIPS 140, and the status of their FIPS 140 certification (according to NIST's CMVP search, [27] modules in process list [28] and implementation under test list).
Symmetric key cryptography—compute a ciphertext decodable with the same key used to encode (e.g., AES) Public-key cryptography—compute a ciphertext decodable with a different key used to encode (e.g., RSA) Digital signatures—confirm the author of a message; Mix network—pool communications from many users to anonymize what came from whom
The GM cryptosystem is semantically secure based on the assumed intractability of the quadratic residuosity problem modulo a composite N = pq where p, q are large primes.This assumption states that given (x, N) it is difficult to determine whether x is a quadratic residue modulo N (i.e., x = y 2 mod N for some y), when the Jacobi symbol for x is +1.
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Let be an odd prime. Define = {(/) |}. is a subgroup of (/) with | | = (the elements of are , +, + … + ()).. Define : / by () =. is a homomorphism between and the ...